17个玉米地方种质选系的配合力分析

分析玉米地方种质选系的配合力,可以为探明自交系的应用价值提供技术支撑。选用11个自交系为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对17个玉米地方种质新选的自交系的配合力、杂种优势以及主要性状遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:单株产量GCA表现突出,且构成产量因子性状GCA表现也较好的新选自交系有P1-1、P1-16和P1-14;SCA值高、杂种优势强的组合是P2-4×P1-10;在株高、穗位高、穗行数等4个性状中,亲本的基因加性效应对F1性状形成起主导作用,而穗长、秃尖长、百粒质量等5个性状的遗传变异主要来自于基因非加性效应。因此,对于高产组合的选配,至少要选择1个GCA高的材料作亲本,并在此基础上兼顾SCA的选择,而利用地方种质选系则应根据性状遗传特性决定其选择时期和选择强度。     

小麦重组自交系群体HMW-GS的检测与分析

利用重组自交系群体--RILL-8群体的131个系为材料,检测和分析了其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及亚基组合.结果表明,RIL-8群体Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点编码的亚基分别为1、N,7 9、7 8和5 10、2 12,主要存在7种亚基组合类型.不同亚基及亚基组合类型在相同位点上仅存在1对等位基因差异,可以用其进行相同位点不同亚基及亚基组合对品质性状效应值的估算.     

The degree of phenotypic similarity of near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar Centana with their recurrent parent

Summary The degree of phenotypic similarity of Centana and its near-isogenic lines (NILs) has been investigated. Some NILs have a disease reaction, a gliadin pattern and a yield level which differs from Centana. This means that they still possess many donor genes. One of the NILs, Shortana, must be a derivative of a backcross line crossed with an unknown genotype resulting in a good yielding variety.     

Genetic Effects on Host × Strain Interaction in the Symbiosis of Vicia faba and Rhizobium leguminosarum

50 Vicia faba lines were inoculated with 4 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum in all possible combinations under greenhouse conditions in 5 replications. A root-sterile method was used for the cultures. Characters such as plant height, leaf colour, number and colour of nodules, the dry weights of shoot, root and nodules, and the nitrogen content were recorded, after 10 weeks. It was demonstrated by analysis of variance that, for example, for the dry matter of the shoot only 1.9 % of the total phenotypic variance was caused by interaction between Vicia and Rhizobium genotypes, but 24.7 % Was conditioned by the faba bean genotypes and 73.4 % by the Rhizobium strains. Differences of Vicia faba genotypes in their reaction to different Rhizobium strains were detected by joint regression analysis.     

The Influence of Plant Developmental Stage on Expression of Resistance to leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita) in Two Near Isogenic Lines of Wheat

Cultivar ‘Thatcher’, and ‘Thatcher’ lines with Lr 21 and Lr 22 were studied against a number of races of Puccinia recondita for seedling and adult plant reaction. The study has established that Lr 21 and Lr 22 are genes effective against P. recondita at adult plant stage. It has also shown that these genes confer resistance against all races when plants are inoculated at boot leaf stage.     

The degree of phenotypic resemblance of the near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar thatcher with their recurrent parent

Summary Thatcher, 16 of its near-isogenic lines (NIL) and 8 donors were investigated for the degree in which the NILs phenotypically resembled their recurrent parent. In general the NILs have a good phenotypic resemblance. In a few NILs characters occur that are not seen in Thatcher. In some cases these are found in the donor indicating the presence of donor genes other than the marker gene in the NIL. In other cases a character possessed by a NIL is not present in Thatcher or in its donor. In such cases either inhibitor genes may play a part, or the donor accession that accompanies the set of NILs may not be the donor used to breed the NIL. Two causes are possible. One is that the donor was a mixture of genotypes, the other is contamination.The presence of donor genes other than the marker Lr gene(s) in a NIL may lead to unexpected results or, what is worse, to wrong conclusions.     

Resistance to common bacterial blight in Phaseolus vulgaris L. recombinant inbred lines under natural infection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli

Among the main causes of poor yield in common beans are fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. Common bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major bacterial diseases leading to significant losses in Brazil. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The objective of the present work was to evaluate disease resistance under natural infection of the pathogen in 109 recombinant inbred lines (F₇) of P. vulgaris originated from the cross HAB-52 (susceptible — snapbean) × BAC-6 (resistant — common bean) in two different environments, as well as to calculate genetic parameters to assist in the selection of promising materials to be used in the CBB resistance breeding program. The data of the genetic parameters were compared to those calculated for the F₃ generation originated from the same cross. The heritability results for DI (disease index) and VI (variation index) in F₃ were 26.85% and 0.26, respectively, whereas in F₇ they were 91.77% and 1.36, respectively. These results demonstrate a potential to be explored for this advanced population, that in the future, along with other pathogen variability studies and tests in other environments, may provide more information regarding a more precise evaluation of promising genotypes to be used in common bean breeding programs aiming to obtain CBB resistant varieties. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Two genes and linked RAPD markers involved in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris race 0 in chickpea

The inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt race 0 of chickpea and linked random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were studied in two F₆:₇ recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. These RILs were developed from the crosses CA2156 × JG62 (susceptible × resistant) and CA2139 × JG62 (resistant × resistant), and were sown in a field infected with fusarium wilt race 0 in Beja (Tunisia) over 2 years. A1:1 resistant to susceptible ratio was found in the RIL population from the CA2156 × JG62 cross, indicating that a single gene with two alleles controlled resistance. In the second RIL population (CA2139 × JG62) a 3:1 resistant to susceptible ratio indicated that two genes were present and that either gene was sufficient to confer resistance. Linkage analysis showed a RAPD marker, OPJ20600, linked to resistance in both RIL populations, which is present in the resistant parent JG62.     

Influence of high molecular weight glutenin subunit substitution on rheological behaviour and bread-baking quality of near-isogenic lines developed from Chinese wheats

Three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat involving Glu‐B1 and Glu‐D1 alleles were used to study the genetic contribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) to gluten strength. The HMW‐GS composition of each NILs was determined by SDS‐PAGE. No significant differences were found in grain protein contents among the NILs. Gluten strength and dough‐mixing properties were measured by the Farinograph, the Extensograph, and SDS‐sedimentation (SDS‐SE). Results indicated that line 2, containing the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10 combination of subunits, had higher values for flour quality, dough rheological parameters, and bread‐baking quality when compared with lines 8 and 13. Line 8, containing Glu‐1B 7 + 9 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10, was better than line 13 with the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 10 combination. Some major parameters appeared significantly different. The presence of Glu‐1B 14 + 15 was associated with higher dough strength based on SDS‐SE volume and several rheological parameters when compared with Glu‐1B 7 + 9. Lines with subunit 10 at Glu‐D1 performed significantly worse than those with 5 + 10 in gluten index, SDS‐SE volume, Farinograph stability time, Extensograph area and bread‐baking quality.     

Moricandia arvensis cytoplasm based system of cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica juncea: Reappraisal of fertility restoration and agronomic potential

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system based on the cytoplasm from Moricandia arvensis (mori) was investigated for fertility restoration and agronomic potential. Fertility restorer gene for mori CMS was introgressed from cytoplasm donor species as all the evaluated Brassica juncea genotypes (155) acted as sterility maintainers. The allosyndetic pairing between M^a and the A/B genome chromosomes in the monosomic addition plants (2n= 18II + 1M^a) facilitated the gene introgression. Partial fertility restoration (43–52% pollen grain stainability) in F₁ hybrids and absence of segregation for male sterility in F₂ progenies suggested gametophytic control of fertility restoration. The pollen fertility in the F₁ hybrids was, however, sufficient to ensure complete seed set upon bag selfing. Introgression from M. arvensis also helped in correction of chlorosis associated with mori cytoplasm in CMS and fertile alloplasmic B. juncea plants. Yield evaluation of thirty F₁ hybrids having the same nuclear genotype but varied male sterilizing cytoplasms (mori, oxy, lyr, refined ogu), in comparison to respective euplasmic hand bred control hybrids, allowed an estimate of yield penalty associated with different CMS systems. It ranged from 1.8% to 61.6%. Hybrids based on cytoplasmically refined ogu were most productive followed by those based on cytoplasmically refined mori CMS. The male sterility systems emanating from somatic hybridization were found superior than those developed from sexual hybridization.