贮藏环境乙烯对不同低温下库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响

以新疆库尔勒香梨为试材,研究其在-1℃和2℃下不同乙烯浓度(0,自发气调,100μL/L)环境中果实外观色泽和内在品质等的变化规律。结果表明,与环境中的乙烯相比,温度对贮藏期间的果实品质影响较大;贮藏于-1℃的果实果皮颜色保持较好,硬度较高,腐烂率较低,而贮藏于2℃的果实品质则相对较差;相同温度条件下,处于自发气调环境中的果实腐烂率较低,果柄保鲜指数较高,但不同乙烯浓度处理对库尔勒香梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量以及VC含量等品质指标的影响无明显规律性。     

平房仓不同风机降温通风对比试验

分别选用两种风机,对高大平房仓进行降温通风对比试验,将两种不同风机降温变化情况进行比较。结果表明,选用轴流风机降温通风,具有耗电低、能耗少、水分损耗低、降温均匀和操作简便等特点,适用于高大平房仓早期降温通风;选用离心风机降温通风,具有降温迅速、操作简便等特点,适用于高大平房仓紧急情况下的降温降水通风。     

酵母饲料的储运保鲜技术研究

用丙酸钙、山梨酸、富马酸及富马酸二甲酯四种防霉剂以0．2％，0．5％的剂量分别处理水分为16％的酵母饲料，置于27～30℃的恒温箱中，在模拟高温季节流通过程的条件下，进行防霉保鲜试验。试验期对样品的感观、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、带茵量等指标定期检测的结果表明，浓度为0．5％的山梨酸防霉效果最好，无霉变期达11天；0．5％的丙酸钙防霉效果次之，无霉变期为9天，富马酸及富马酸二甲酯的防霉效果欠佳。饲料成分中以粗脂肪含量在试验期间减少最明显。     

药剂处理对瓜尔豆种子低温萌发和活力的影响

用不同的药剂分别在20℃、15℃条件下浸泡瓜尔豆种子24h，放入15℃的发芽箱中发芽。结果表明：400ml／kg乙烯利、10mg／kgAMP、20mg／kg6-BAl5℃浸种显著或极显著的提高种子活力，促使种子低温萌发；而20℃浸种时对种子萌发没有显著影响。0．1％水杨酸钠在15℃条件下能显著提高种子的发芽率，较长时间的维持种子活力。0．1％甲醛处理完全杀死种子。20mg／kgIAA20℃浸种、30mg／kg2，4-D15℃浸种抑制种子的萌发。200ml／kgCCC、500mg／kgGA3、0．1mol／LKNO3、25ml／kg肌醇15℃或20℃浸种效果均不明显。     

华南通风低温与施用保护剂防治储粮害虫的研究

本文根据我国储粮通风和防虫保护剂的发展现状,为促进二者在应用中有效地结合,在现场探讨了我国气温温暖的华南地区,利用冬季自然低温,以通风的办法降低粮温,对提高和延长保护剂药效的实际效果.经在防效、残留和残效的测定结果表明,在华南对施用了保护剂的储粮,采取了通风降温措施,并在气温上升季节适当隔热,防虫磷(马拉硫磷)和凯安保(含增效醚的溴氰菊酯乳油)不仅药效提高,而且有效期延长,尤以防虫磷显著.肯定了在华南地区通风低温与施用保护剂相结合的可行性与有效性.     

Adaptive properties of Picea abies progenies are influenced by environmental signals during sexual reproduction

Summary Several independent tests have shown that climate and weather during sexual reproduction influence the adaptive properties of the Picea abies progenies. This phenomenon is expressed in seed orchards established by moving parent trees, propagated as grafts, from north to south, from high to low elevation, or from outdoor to indoor greenhouse conditions. The progenies exhibit delayed flushing in the spring, later growth cessation of leader shoots in the summer, delayed bud-set, higher frequency of lammas shoots and delayed development of frost hardiness in the autumn compared to progenies reproduced in the colder native environment. The altered performance is persistent. We have found no effect on progenies of photoperiod and temperature treatments given to the males during meiosis and pollen production. However, when crosses were made in early spring (March), inside a heated greenhouse (short day, high temperature), the progenies are less frost hardy during cold acclimation than progenies from identical crosses performed in late spring (May; long day high temperature) in the greenhouse. The most hardy offspring were from crosses performed under outdoor conditions in May (long day, low temperature). These results indicate that some stages in reproduction, such as female meiosis, pollen tube growth, syngamy and early embryo development, are sensitive to temperature and/or photoperiod which then alter the phenotypic performance of the offspring. The most likely explanation is the existence of a regulatory mechanism affecting the expression of genes controlling adaptive traits. If this is true, it must have implications for the genetic interpretation of provenance differences in Norway spruce.     

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on flowering in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Summary Forty strains of mungbeans, including all of the entries in the 1st and 2nd International Mungbean Nurseries (IMN), were grown in plant growth chambers in photoperiods of 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 hours and mean temperatures of 18, 23, and 28°C. Results show that (1) mungbean strains differ in their flowering response to photoperiod and to mean temperature; (2) increasing the photoperiod of reducing the mean temperature delayed flowering, the amount of delay varied with the strain: (3) variations in mean temperature may alter the effect of the photoperiod on flowering in particular strains. Twenty-five strains which flowered in all photoperiod-temperature treatments could be divided into four groups, each group being successively later in flowering. The remaining 15 strains could be divided into four groups, according to their failure to flower within 105 days in specific photoperiod-temperature treatments. Flowering response in the growth chamber is useful in explaining flowering response in the 2nd IMN at three locations varying from 14°N to 49°N latitude.Contribution No 7516 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station.     

全国粮食总产海温预测预报模式研究

本文使用太平洋286点海水温度资料,对我国粮食总产及其地理分布进行多时效的动态监测.为了能一次预报出整个的产量场,首先对初始场作自然正交展开,提取前P个主成分进行海温网格点的复相关计算,用以筛选因子组建预报方程.预报模式采用时效可任意指定的动态链接式,它可以通过海温这个“窗口”,实现对全国粮食总产前景的连续监测.     

不同储藏条件下稻谷脂肪酸值变化和霉变相关性研究

对不同水分、温度下模拟储藏的晚粳稻谷和晚籼稻谷进行定期的脂肪酸值测定和霉变情况观察。结果表明:储藏温度越高,稻谷含水量越大,其脂肪酸值上升速度越快,也越容易发生霉变。相比较而言,含水量分别为14.5%、13.5%晚粳稻谷和晚籼稻谷,在20℃储藏3个月,脂肪酸值变化很小,也未发生霉变。在相同储藏温度下,同一水分晚粳稻谷的脂肪酸值比晚籼稻谷更容易上升,也更容易发生霉变。脂肪酸值与稻谷霉变相关,一般而言,当稻谷脂肪酸值超过25 mgKOH/100g,开始霉变,所以脂肪酸值可作为稻谷是否发生霉变的指标。     

高大平房仓低温密闭储粮试验

利用冬春季节气温较低的有利时机,对高大平房仓散装小麦进行机械通风,将粮食降到较低温度,然后对粮堆实行隔热密闭并进行低温储粮试验.试验在隔热和防虫方面都取得了较好的效果.试验结果表明,只要对粮堆采取积极有效的隔热密闭措施就能够使粮堆保持较长时间的低温状态,抑制了储粮害虫的孳生繁衍,再采取防止外部害虫感染的措施,就能够实现粮食的元药保管.