Fucoidan from marine brown algae inhibits lipid accumulation

In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of fucoidan from marine brown algae on the lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. The treatment of fucoidan in a dose-dependent manner was examined on lipid inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells by using Oil Red O staining. Fucoidan showed high lipid inhibition activity at 200 μg/mL concentration (P < 0.001). Lipolytic activity in adipocytes is highly dependent on hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which is one of the most important targets of lipolytic regulation. Here, we examined the biological response of fucoidan on the protein level of lipolysis pathway. The expressed protein levels of total hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and its activated form, phosphorylated-HSL were significantly increased at concentration of 200 μg/mL fucoidan. Furthermore, insulin-induced 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose uptake was decreased up to 51% in fucoidan-treated cells as compared to control. Since increase of HSL and p-HSL expression and decrease of glucose uptake into adipocytes are known to lead to stimulation of lipolysis, our results suggest that fucoidan reduces lipid accumulation by stimulating lipolysis. Therefore, these results suggest that fucoidan can be useful for the prevention or treatment of obesity due to its stimulatory lipolysis.     

微乳液凝胶固定化脂肪酶立体选择性研究

以消旋布洛芬与正辛醇不对称酯化反应为指示反应，手性高效液相色谱分析法为检测跟踪手段，对微乳液凝胶固定化脂肪酶的立体选择性进行了初步表征。研究表明，用微乳液凝胶固定化后的脂肪酶，在保持较高催化活性的条件下，仍能表现出较高的立体选择性。在低转化率下，能得到高对映体过量值的S-构型布洛芬正辛酯。     

Low-density lipoprotein-related receptor protein 1 (LRP-1) is not required for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) to suppress L6 myogenic cell proliferation

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) suppresses proliferation of numerous cell types, including myogenic cells, via both insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent and IGF-independent mechanisms; however, the mechanism of IGF-independent suppression of proliferation is not clearly defined. In nonmuscle cells, binding of IGFBP-3 to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1)/activated α(2)M receptor is reportedly required for IGFBP-3 to inhibit proliferation. These findings suggest that binding to this receptor also may be required for IGFBP-3 to suppress proliferation of cultured myogenic cells. To investigate the role of the LRP-1 receptor in suppression of myogenic cell proliferation by IGFBP-3, we have examined the effect of receptor-associated protein, an LRP-1 receptor antagonist, on recombinant porcine (rp)IGFBP-3 inhibition of L6 myogenic cell proliferation. Treatment with receptor-associated protein results in a 37% decrease (P < 0.05) in the ability of rpIGFBP-3 to inhibit L6-cell proliferation. In L6 cells subjected to LRP-1 small interfering RNA treatment for 48 h (LRP-1 silenced), LRP-1 mRNA levels were reduced by greater than 80% compared with control cultures treated with nonsense small interfering RNA (mock silenced). In addition, the 85-kDa transmembrane subunit of LRP-1 was undetectable in Western immunoblots of total protein lysates from LRP-1-silenced cells. Even though LRP-1 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically reduced in LRP-1-silenced L6 cells compared with mock-silenced controls, rpIGFPB-3 suppressed proliferation rate to the same extent in both LRP-1-silenced and mock-silenced cultures. Our results strongly suggest that, in contrast to data obtained for nonmuscle cell lines, the LRP-1 receptor is not required for IGFBP-3 to suppress proliferation of L6 myogenic cells.     

Effects of dietary lipid levels on lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Four isonitrogenous (300 g/kg crude protein) experimental diets containing graded levels of lipid (25, 55, 85 and 115 g/kg) were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 180 juvenile fish. Fish were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance and proximate composition of fish were determined. The activities and gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were assessed as well. Fish fed the diets with 55 and 85 g/kg lipid had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain than those fed the diets with 25 and 115 g/kg lipid. The whole-body and liver lipid contents were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated with increasing dietary lipid levels. Moreover, the activities and mRNA abundances of LPL and HSL in the liver, dorsal muscle and fat tissues were markedly altered by dietary lipid levels. Our data demonstrate a profound influence of dietary lipid levels on the growth and lipid deposition in hybrid tilapia, which is likely associated with the regulation of lipid metabolic enzymes including LPL and HSL.     

日粮能量水平对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及HL基因表达的影响

选用35日龄、体重相近的扬州鹅200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只(公、母各半),分别饲喂4个代谢能水平的日粮(A组10.11、B组11.19、C组12.37和D组13.45 MJ/kg),研究其对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及肝脂酶(HL)基因表达的影响。结果表明:与A组相比,D组扬州鹅的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率极显著提高(P<0.01);随着能量水平的提高,血清极低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯显著降低,低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶活性及其表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,日粮能量水平显著影响扬州鹅机体脂肪代谢和HL基因mRNA的表达。     

脂肪酶及其在饲料工业中的应用研究

脂肪酶是一种重要的工业用酶,广泛应用于食品、纺织、化工、医药、饲料和能源等领域。目前,脂肪酶应用于饲料工业的研究相对较少。文中就脂肪酶近年来在饲料工业中的应用研究做简要的综述,为今后脂肪酶在饲料中的开发应用提供参考。     

甘肃农业大学教职工血脂检测结果分析

以我校教职工为全部受检对象,采集清晨空腹血样,通过对1 136例血浆中胆固醇(C)甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平进行检测,表明我校教职工从性别上看C、TG、HDL水平差异不显著,以45岁为界值,年龄在45岁以上各年龄组与年龄在45岁以下各年龄组相比差异极显著。结果表明:我校教职工血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯随年龄的增长而递增,高密度脂蛋白的含量男性随年龄增长有所下降,而女性则随年龄的增长有所增加,这与正常人空腹血脂浓度受性别影响有关,但总体水平接近正常值,说明我校教职工饮食结构较为合理,身体比较健康。     

Use of tween 20 as a substrate for assay of lipase activity in soils

Abstract

A method for assaying the soil lipase activity is described. It involves the titrimetric estimation of the amount of lauric acid released by the lipase activity when the soil is incubated with Tween 20 in the presence of toluene at 30°C for 18 h under agitation. The method is simple and precise and incubation without agitation is also possible. The method has been applied to six different kinds of soils. The lipase activity in the cultivated soils ranged from 22.5 to 75.5 mmol min^?1 g^?1 of dried soil. The K _m value for Tween 20 was 1.8 × 10^?4 m. The optimum pH was approximately 7.5. The hydrolysis of liveen 20 in soil was inhibited by glycerol which was the essential moiety of glyceride. The inhibition by glycerol was found to be competitive. These results indicate that Tween 20 is a potential substrate for the assay of the glyceride hydrolytic activity in soils.     

阿魏菇的酯酶同工酶测定

对阿魏菇和糙皮侧耳采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳法，进行酯酶同工酶分析，结果表明野生和栽培的阿魏菇酯酶同工酶谱相同，酶活性稳定，Ｅ２、Ｅ３酶带活性强，是阿魏菇的特征带，可作为种的鉴别的重要参考。