支持向量机结合近红外光谱法测定杉木木质素的含量

采用支持向量机(SVM)结合近红外光谱(NIR)技术建立测定杉木中木质素的定量分析模型。以47个杉木样品作为实验材料,用常规方法测定了样品中木质素的含量,用近红外光谱仪采集相应的光谱,对光谱数据进行平滑、求导、小波压缩以及归一化,结合支持向量机,以径向基(RBF)作为核函数,建立了测定杉木中木质素含量的模型。校正相对误差的平方和为0.007433,预测相对误差的平方和为0.001219。结果表明,该方法测量比较准确,可以用于杉木中木质素含量的预测。     

棉秆木质素的光谱分析

采用球磨方法分离并提纯出棉秆全秆磨木木质素(MWL)和棉秆秆芯MWL.采用紫外光谱和红外光谱对上述分离出的木质素进行分析.并用 13 C NMR 作了进一步分析研究.从分析结果看出:棉秆木质素属于愈疮木基-紫丁香-对羟苯基(GSH)型.棉秆秆皮和秆芯木质素结构不同,在秆皮中存在较多的紫丁香基结构单元和少量的对羟苯基结构,而秆芯中以紫丁香基结构单元和愈疮木基结构单元为主.     

磨木木质素在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中的降解及与木糖的缩合

在木糖存在的条件下,采用硫酸盐法蒸煮对蓝花楹磨木木质素(MWL)进行处理,然后对处理后的产物进行红外光谱和13 CNMR分析,研究蓝花楹MWL的结构变化,探讨在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中木质素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC)的形成情况.研究发现:蓝花楹MWL结构单元之间的α-烷基芳基醚键、β-O-4型连接键很容易发生断裂,而在这些连接键发生断裂的同时,形成的木质素中间体与木糖通过化学键的结合,形成新的LCC结构.这种新形成的LCC结构主要是由β-O-4型木质素结构和5-5′缩合型木质素结构与木糖形成的以苯甲醚键连接的LCC,这种新形成的LCC结构对碱非常稳定.     

木质素生物合成代谢中的酶学研究进展

目前认为木质素是由多种简单的苯丙烷及其衍生物经聚合形成的复杂的聚合物,由羟基肉桂醇的衍生物——木质醇氧化聚合而形成的。根据近年来木质素研究领域的最新进展,重点介绍了木质素的苯丙烷代谢途径中一些重要的酶的遗传操作,如PAL、C4H和COMT等,简单描述了部分酶的细胞和亚细胞定位,概括了木质素生物合成的酶学研究中存在的问题和前景。     

Performance characterization of rigid polyurethane foam with refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin

The two kinds of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared with respectively adding the refined alkali lignin and alkali lignin modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane to be instead of 15% of the polyether glycol in weight. The indexes of mechanical performance, apparent density, thermal stability and aging resistance were separately tested for the prepared PU foams. The results show that the mechanical property, thermal insulation and thermal stability for PU foam with modified alkali lignin are excellent among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The additions of the refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin to PU foam have little effect on the natural aging or heat aging resistance except for decreasing hot alkali resistance apparently. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of modified alkali lignin PU foam is lowest among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The alkali lignin PU foam modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane could be applied in the heat preservation field.     

澳洲坚果壳中纤维素和木质素成分分析

对澳洲坚果壳的研究表明,澳洲坚果壳的主要成分是纤维素和酸不溶木质素,其中纤维素含量为34.65%,酸不溶木质素含量为39.75%,水分含量为8.45%;与其他植物相比,它的酸不溶木质素含量较高,而纤维素含量明显较低;紫外和红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱的分析结果表明,澳洲坚果壳的木质素以愈创木基-紫丁香基木质素为主,属GS型木质素,且G型木质素含量大于S型木质素.     

黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素的影响因素

考察不同温度(37℃、38℃、39℃)、时间(8 d、9 d、10 d)、含水量(55%、60%、65%)和接种量(按V/W的10%、20%、30%)组合对黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素的影响。研究表明:当接种量为10%、含水量为60%,在39℃下发酵10 d,可使白酒糟中木质素降解率达到5.93%;4个因素对黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素影响的主次顺序为:时间,含水量,温度,接种量;本实验条件下最优发酵组合为:时间为10 d,接种量为10%,温度为38℃,含水量为65%。     

Carboxymethyl lignin as stabilizing agent in aqueous ceramic suspensions

Identifying new uses for residues of industries that process large quantities of biomass, as in bioethanol production, is essential for a sustainable development with reduced impact on the environment, which is the reason why many efforts have been devoted to find noble uses for lignins. In this study, a lignin obtained from sugarcane bagasse in a bioethanol producing plant was carboxymethylated to yield the water-soluble carboxymethyl lignin (CML), which was then used as stabilizing agent in aqueous alumina (Al₂O₃) suspensions. CML had a degree of substitution 0.46 ± 0.01, in relation to the C9 unit of lignin, and behaved as a polyelectrolyte in a large pH range owing to the dissociation of carboxylic groups. The action of CML as stabilizing agent of alumina aqueous suspensions was investigated using viscometry, zeta potential, and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measurements, mainly as a function of pH and time. Overall, the results showed that CML had a good performance as a deflocculating agent, because it led to dispersions with low viscosity and small change in particle size as a function of time. The positive effect from the addition of CML was confirmed in the morphological features of the material obtained from the alumina suspensions after elimination of water, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. The stabilization of alumina suspensions afforded by CML opens the way for similar applications of modified lignins, whose electrical and structural properties may be tuned for specific uses in various industries, including the ceramic industry.     

氮肥和多效唑对小麦茎秆木质素合成的影响及其与抗倒伏性的关系

 【目的】明确氮肥和多效唑对小麦茎秆木质素含量的影响,探讨氮肥和多效唑调节茎秆抗倒伏能力的机制。【方法】以小麦品种烟农21和藁城8901为材料,通过田间试验和室内分析,研究氮肥和多效唑对小麦不同时期茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数、木质素含量的影响以及木质素合成相关酶的活性变化。【结果】同品种条件下,与低施氮（225 kg•hm-2）处理相比,高施氮（300 kg•hm-2）处理降低了茎秆苯丙氨酸转氨酶（PAL）、酪氨酸解氨酶（TAL）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）和4-香豆酸:CoA连接酶（4CL）的活性,茎秆木质素含量、抗折力和抗倒伏指数降低。而喷施多效唑显著提高茎秆PAL、TAL和CAD的活性,木质素含量、茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数提高,倒伏面积和倒伏程度降低。相关分析表明,茎秆抗倒伏指数与木质素含量呈显著正相关（r=0.61,P＜0.05）;木质素含量与PAL、TAL和CAD酶活性呈显著正相关,与4CL酶活性相关不显著。【结论】高施氮量处理降低了茎秆木质素合成相关酶的活性和木质素含量,茎秆抗倒伏能力降低。而施用多效唑显著提高茎秆木质素合成相关酶的活性和木质素含量,进而增强了茎秆抗倒伏能力。     

木质素三甲基季铵盐为模板剂制备多孔氧化硅材料

为了探索以小质素为模板剂制备无机多孔材料的方法,提高木质素产品附加值,以小质素三甲 铵盐为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用溶胶凝胶法和焙烧脱模法制备多孔氧化硅材料。结果表明：小质素三甲基事铵盐行在于煅烧前的复合物中,煅烧后得到的多孔氧化硅材料中木质素三甲基季铵盐吸收峰消失,但具有SiO2特征吸收峰;多扎氧化硅材料孔隙发达...