稀土元素在组织培养中的作用研究进展

通过分析稀土元素对组培苗增殖及生长的促进作用、对不定根的形成的影响、对组培苗叶绿素形成及相关酶活性的促进等方面,综述了稀土元素在组织培养中的作用。     

黧蒴栲芽苗截根移栽育苗及造林成效研究

为了提高黧蒴栲苗木质量和造林成活率,利用随机区组设计开展了黧蒴栲芽苗截根移栽、截根苗造林对比试验.结果表明：黧蒴栲芽苗截根处理对苗高、主根长、一级侧根数、叶干重、茎枝干重、根器官干重有极显著影响,对苗木地径、一级侧根长度有显著影响.芽苗截根处理后苗木高度增加17.51％、地径增加13.72％.不同剪叶处理方式对黧蒴栲苗木造林成活率有极显著影响,芽苗截根苗造林以剪叶75％效果最好,造林成活率达95.86％,而未剪叶苗造林成活率为57.69％;应用芽苗截根苗造林可提高造林成活率17.0％～24.0％,增加当年树高、地径生长量分别为18.22％、15.44％.     

Utilizing Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) for Evaluation of Root Responses to Transient Moisture Stresses in Rice

Abstract

Drought and waterlogging that occur sequentially under field conditions are important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. The ability to maintain the root system development during the contrasting moisture stresses may be one of the key traits for plant adaptation. This study aimed to identify the key root traits that contributed to the above ability by comparatively examining the effects of the two moisture stresses in succession on root system development. The chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from the crosses between the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare and indica rice cultivar Kasalath were used for precise comparison of root system development. The rice seedlings were grown by hydroponics under a continuously well-aerated condition for 14 days (non-stressed), a drought condition for 7 days followed by an oxygen (O₂)-deficient (stagnant) condition for 7 days (drought-to-stagnant, D-S), or a stagnant condition for 7 days followed by drought condition for 7 days (stagnant-to-drought, S-D). CSSL43 and 47 did not show any significant differences in growth from Nipponbare under the non-stressed condition, but exhibited greater lateral root production under the stresses. Lateral root production was most closely related to faster seminal root elongation mediated by higher aerenchyma formation in the D-S condition, and to more branching of lateral roots on the seminal root axis in the S-D condition. The D-S condition severely affected lateral root production due to reduced seminal root elongation and aerenchyma formation. These results confirmed the fact that those root traits previously identified using different cultivars greatly contribute to plant adaptation. Oxygen deficiency preceded by drought (D-S) was more stressful to roots than drought preceded by O₂ deficiency (S-D), because drought reduced root aerenchyma formation during the subsequent stagnant condition.     

Specific Variation in Shoot Growth and Root Traits Under Waterlogging Conditions of The Seedlings of Tribe Triticeae including Mizutakamoji (Agropyron Humidum)

Abstract

Waterlogging Stress is An Important Limiting Factor For Wheat and Barley Production. Waterlogging Tolerance Was Evaluated in The Seedlings of Seven Species From The Tribe Triticeae, including Wheat, Barley, Durum Wheat, Rye (Diploid and Tetraploid), Triticale, Einkorn Wheat, and Mizutakamoji (Agropyron Humidum), To Acquire Basic information About Their Variation in Waterlogging Tolerance and To Elucidate Opportunities For Genetic Improvement of Waterlogging Tolerance in Cultivated Wheat and Barley. The Seedlings At The One Leaf Stage Were Subjected To Waterlogging For 0 (Control: Ct) Or 12 Days (Waterlogging: Wt) in Plastic Cups (12 Cm Tall, 8 Cm in Diameter), and The Morphological Traits of Shoots and Roots Were Measured. Shoot Dry Weights (Dw) of Wheat (Cv. Norin 61) and Barley (Cv. Benkeimugi) Were Lower Under Wt By 73% and 59%, Respectively, Than Those in Ct. of All The Evaluated Genotypes, Only A. Humidum SHowed No Reduction in Shoot Dw Under Wt. The Relative Shoot Dw (W/C in Shoot Dw; Proportion of Shoot Dw in Wt To That in Ct) Was Significantly Correlated With Relative Root Dw (W/C in Root Dw). The W/C in Root Dw Correlated Significantly With W/C in The Number and Length of Adventitious Roots, and With W/C in Frequency of Branching Roots On The Seminal Root, Suggesting That Development of Adventitious Roots and Branching Roots Under Wt Might Be Related To Waterlogging Tolerance in Tribe Triticeae. The Results of This Study indicated That Wild Species of Tribe Triticeae, Such As A. Humidum, Might Be Useful Resources To Analyze Waterlogging Tolerance in Cultivated Wheat and Barley.     

浅谈钢筋混凝土框架结构设计

结合钢筋混凝土结构的应用特点、从混凝土结构中框架结构在地震作用下的结构体系到构造要求,阐明在设计混凝土结构时,不但要满足受力计算要求,更要注意抗震要求。     

养分和水分胁迫下2年生落叶松根系有机酸的分泌行为研究

[目的]研究养分和水分胁迫对2年生落叶松根系有机酸分泌行为的影响.[方法]通过设置不同的养分和水分胁迫条件,研究不同程度土壤胁迫下2年生落叶松根系有机酸的分泌种类和数量.[结果]在养分和水分胁迫下,2年生落叶松苗根系有机酸的分泌种类增多,且胁迫水平不同增加分泌的有机酸种类也不同.养分和水分胁迫处理还增加了有机酸的分泌数量.从有机酸分泌总量看,胁迫最重的水平1增幅最大.从单个有机酸分泌量看,柠檬酸增幅最大,其次为苹果酸,草酸较小;且都以水平1增幅最大.[结论]各有机酸分泌量在有机酸总量中所占的比例稍有变化,但整体排序未变.     

两系杂交中籼皖稻153抗倒特性分析

[目的]揭示皖稻153抗倒特性强的成因。[方法]对两系杂交中籼皖稻153和其双亲及部分同型主栽组合等茎秆和根系性状进行测量和分析。[结果]皖稻153较之其他参试品种,在茎秆性状上具有适中的株高和较强的抗折力;在根系性状上具有丰富的根系数量和明显的根长优势。[结论]皖稻153表现出较小的倒伏指数和较强的抗倒能力。     

耕作方式对小麦抗氧化酶和产量的影响

通过田间试验研究耕作方式对小麦根系、叶片抗氧化酶和产量的影响。试验设置耕翻+镇压（HS）、旋耕+镇压（RS）和旋耕（R）3个处理。结果表明,在拔节期、孕穗期和花后10 d HS处理叶片和根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均显著高于其他2个耕作处理;在拔节期、抽穗期和花后5 d HS处理根系过氧化物酶（POD）活性均显著高于RS和R处理;在越冬期、孕穗期至花后5 d,HS处理叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于RS和R处理;除拔节期和孕穗期,HS处理叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著低于RS和R处理。相关分析表明小麦产量和叶片CAT活性呈极显著正相关性（R=0.930,P＜0.01）,与叶片MDA含量呈显著负相关（R=-0.774,P＜0.05）。HS处理可以通过提高小麦有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重从而提高产量,产量分别比RS和R处理高出5%和8%。综上表明,耕翻+镇压可提高小麦根系和叶片抗氧化酶活性,降低叶片MDA含量,延长小麦灌浆期实现小麦高产。     

水分胁迫对甘蔗根系及地上部生长的影响

以ROC22和云蔗05–51为试验材料,在防雨棚内进行土柱栽培试验,以田间持水量的85%为对照,研究轻度干旱胁迫(田间持水量的70%)和重度干旱胁迫(田间持水量的50%)对甘蔗根系生长及产量、株高的影响。结果表明:甘蔗产量与根总长、根总表面积、根总体积、根鲜质量、根干质量呈极显著正相关;与对照相比,干旱胁迫下的株高和产量均降低,轻度干旱胁迫下甘蔗的根总长、根系总表面积和总体积均高于对照;重度干旱胁迫处理,ROC22的根系较发达,根总长、根系总表面积、总体积和抗旱系数均高于云蔗05–51。