对我国征地补偿制度的若干思考

从分析我国土地征用中利益分配机制入手,基于对国内外土地征用补偿方案的对比研究,对我国土地征用中土地征用范围、征地主体、补偿对象、补偿内容等方面进行了具体分析,并提出了加快制度创新,切实保障农民利益,发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用的若干建议.     

基于PID的汽油机怠速控制策略

汽车用汽油机怠速运行工况十分复杂,从控制理论上讲,怠速过程具有显著的非线性、时变性和不确定性,因而难以建立精确的数学模型。应用PID控制方法对汽油机怠速进行了研究,此方法的显著特点是应用PID控制器对控制目标建立数学模型。为此,应用PID控制的怠速实验结果与开环怠速控制的实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,怠速PID控制方法应用于车用汽油机怠速控制是可行的,而且比开环控制更加有效,并在目前电控汽油机上得到了实际验证。     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

基于迁移学习的无人机影像耕地信息提取方法

随着精准农业技术的发展,对农作物用地信息快速、准确提取的需求越来越高。同时,无人机技术以其方便、高效、具有低空云下飞行能力等优势被广泛应用于自然资源的调查中。但无人机影像普遍光谱信息较为匮乏,因此很难准确、快速地提取出耕地信息。基于此,提出了一种利用迁移学习机制的耕地提取方法(TLCLE)。首先,利用深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)剔除线状地物(道路、田埂等),然后,通过引入迁移学习机制将DCNN特征训练过程中得到的特征提取方法迁移到耕地提取中,最后,将所提方法与利用易康(e Cognition)软件进行耕地提取(ECLE)结果进行对比。研究结果表明:对于实验影像1、2,TLCLE方法耕地提取总体精度分别为91.9%、88.1%,ECLE方法总体精度分别为90.3%、88.3%,2种方法提取精度相当,在保证耕地地块完整、连续性上TLCLE方法优于ECLE方法。     

水肥一体化智能调控设备智能液位开关设计

在对设施蔬菜生产中使用的水肥一体化设备进行智能灌溉控制设计中,监测混肥罐和回液桶中液位高低是非常必要的。现有液位检测普遍采用机械开关式液位浮子,工程实践中发现当进出水口与浮子过近,或者水纹波动显著时,浮子上下剧烈抖动会导致水泵随浮子的抖动而经常启停,对于启动电流较大的泵容易造成损伤。本文在软硬件设计中采用了计数器数字滤波电路以及单片机定时器中断,设计了一种替代简单液位浮子的实用智能液位开关。为了检验该设计的性能,在同等条件下,进行了不同液面、不同压力和水流量的对比试验。试验结果表明,计数脉冲发生电路中充电电阻和放电电阻为4.7 kΩ时,滤波后的输出信号比现场实际的数控信号时间迟延了2.11 s,经数字电路滤波后的输出信号已经完全消除了宽度小于2 s的所有干扰信号,并且具有很高的稳定性。迟延时间与计数电路、计数脉冲发生电路有关,通过电路设计调整滤波脉宽可使输出信号有效地滤除干扰成分。同时,利用该方法也可以根据不同工况,如不同功率的水泵设定不同参数滤除干扰信号,提高智能液位开关适用性。     

4125A4发动机节能活塞的研制

发动机中,将燃料的化学能转换为机械动力能的主要零件是活塞。其结构、质量和性能,将决定能量转换的效率,直接影响发动机的动力性和经济性。为此,对现有4125A4发动机的动力性和经济性进行了分析,提出了节能活塞的设计方案,并进行了台架试验和田间试验。试验结果表明,其动力性能得到了改善,节油效果明显。     

An integrated modelling toolbox for water resources assessment and management in highland catchments: Model description

Water and land resource competition and environmental degradation pose difficult questions for resource managers. In particular, the ensuing trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social factors and their spatiotemporal variability must be considered when implementing management policies. This paper describes an integrated modelling toolbox that has been developed for highland catchments – specifically the Mae Chaem catchment in Northern Thailand. This toolbox contains models of crop growth, erosion and rainfall-runoff, as well as household decision and socioeconomic impact models. The approach described advances and complements previous approaches by: considering more complex interactions between land-use decisions and the hydrological cycle; modelling household decisions based on uncertain expectations; and assessing impacts of changes not only on flows and household income, but also on subsistence production and erosion. An example of the types of trade-offs and scenarios that can be assessed using the integrated modelling toolbox is also presented. This demonstrates that for the scenarios presented, the magnitude and direction of impacts simulated by the model is not dependent on climate. Further testing of the model is demonstrated in a companion paper. Overall, the plausibility of the model is shown.     

排灌企业货币资金内部控制探讨

分析了排灌企业加强货币资金内部控制的必要性．提出了排灌企业加强货币资金内部控制的目标和主要方法．第一，建立严格的货币资金管理制度，着重对于现金和银行存款日常收支过程中最有可能出现的漏洞提出防范措施．第二，建立严格的岗位分工制度，强调经办货币资金收付的不相容各岗位分离，形成相互牵制．第三，建立严格的授权、审批制度．第四，建立严格的会计电算化内控制度，明确会计主管、系统管理员、凭证录入人员的职责权限．     

水泵水轮机流动可视化图像解析系

主要介绍了自行开发的水泵水轮机流动可视化图像的解析原理，并就示踪物的追踪与最佳相关域的确定问题进行了深入的分析，介绍了图像解析的程序设计的思想与功能。试验与计算结果表明本套软件适合于旋转的流体机械的流场图像的解析计算。