Characterization of mutations in the two-component histidine kinase gene that confer fludioxonil resistance and osmotic sensitivity in the os-1 mutants of Neurospora crassa

Osmotic-sensitive (os-1) mutant alleles in Neurospora crassa exhibit resistance to dicarboximides, aromatic hydrocarbons and phenylpyrroles. We have previously reported that the os-1 mutants can be classified into two groups based on their resistance to fungicides and osmotic stress: type I, which are highly resistant to iprodione and fludioxonil but moderately sensitive to osmotic stress, and type II, which are highly sensitive to osmotic stress but moderately resistant to fungicides. To explain the mechanism of resistance to these fungicides, we cloned and sequenced the mutant os-1 genes that encode putative osmo-sensing histidine kinase. Within the os-1 gene product (Os1p), the type I strains, NM233t and Y256M209, carried a stop codon at amino acid position 308 and a frameshift at amino acid position 294, respectively. These mutation sites were located on the upstream of histidine kinase and the response regulator domains of Os1p, strongly suggesting that type I strains are null mutants. The null mutants, NM233t and Y256M209, were highly resistant to iprodione and fludioxonil; thus Os1p is essential for these fungicides to express their antifungal activity. The amino acid changes in Os1p, 625Pro from Leu, 578Val from Ala, and 580Arg from Gly were found in the type II strains, M16, M155-1 and P5990, respectively. Os1p is novel in having six tandem repeats of 90 amino acids in the N terminal. Each amino acid change of the type II strains was located on the fifth unit of six tandem repeats. Type II strains with single amino acid changes were more sensitive to osmotic stress than the null mutants (type I), indicating that the amino acid repeats of Os1p were responsible for an important function in osmo-regulation.     

荔枝霜疫霉中双组分信号转导系统的鉴定与表达分析

 荔枝霜疫霉(Peronophythora litchii)隶属于茸鞭生物界卵菌门疫霉属,由其引起的荔枝霜疫病是目前荔枝生产上一种最重要的病害,严重影响荔枝产量和鲜果品质。双组分信号途径在微生物中参与多种生命活动,但是在卵菌中尚未有相关研究。本研究通过生物信息学分析在荔枝霜疫霉中鉴定到2个杂合型组氨酸激酶(PlHK1、PlHK2)和1个响应调控蛋白(PlRR1)。其在卵菌中是保守存在的,并且与真菌在进化上相对独立。功能域分析表明,PlHK1和PlHK2的C端额外的融合了1个磷酸转移功能域(Hpt),这与真菌和植物的存在显著差异。转录分析表明3个基因在荔枝霜疫霉侵染阶段上调表达,并且响应渗透胁迫和氧化胁迫。以上结果揭示了双组分信号系统可能在疫霉致病过程中发挥重要作用。     

Evaluation of the Abbott LCx Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Assay for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Bovine Tissue Samples

The commercial LCx amplification assay, usually employed to detect the Myocobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens, was evaluated by comparing the results it gave with those obtained using Löwenstein-Jensen solid medium and pathological findings on 55 lymph nodes from cattle with positive and 10 lymph nodes from cattle with negative skin tests for tuberculosis. Fifty-three cultures (51 and 2, respectively) were positive for M. bovis, while the results for the LCx assay and the histological method were positive in 48 (45, 3) and 24 (20, 4) samples, respectively. None of the samples from cattle from certified tuberculosis-free herds were positive by any of the procedures. The results obtained with the LCx assay, compared with the culture procedure, regarded as the gold standard among the diagnostic techniques, gave a specificity of 91.6% and sensitivity of 90.5%. Although the sensitivity of LCx was suboptimal, DNA of M. bovis was detected in 81.8% of the skin test-positive animals. Amplification techniques could provide a rapid and reasonably reliable tool for detecting bovine tuberculosis.     

校园视频直播系统的设计与实现

很多学校经常举办大型的会议、论坛、名人讲座和文艺汇演,由于参加人数众多,经常会出现会议场地不够的情况.因此,建立规模适度、经济可行且先进可靠的校园视频直播系统是各学校都在寻求的解决方案.本文从实际出发来探讨校园视频直播系统的设计与实现.     

缺铁黄瓜地上部对根系适应性反应的调节

用营养液培养方法研究了黄瓜地上部对根系缺铁适应性反应的调节。缺铁导致植株根系Fe     

绵羊妊娠识别、建立和维持的信号系统

妊娠的建立和维持归因于胚体的信号和黄体对孕酮的产生,在反刍动物,胚体滋养层分泌的激素抑制子宫内膜产生前列腺素PGF2α。在发情周期的绵羊,孕酮下调子宫内膜腔上皮和子宫腺上皮孕酮受体基因的表达,并伴随着上皮雌激素受体和催产素受体的增加。在催产素的作用下,子宫开始分泌溶黄体作用的前列腺素F2α。在妊娠绵羊,孕体滋养层产生的干扰素可作用于子宫内膜而直接抑制雌激素受体基因和催产素受体基因的转录。孕酮、干扰素、胎盘催乳素和生殖激素共同组成了一个"作用网络"来调节子宫的功能分化和子宫腺的形态发生,从而维持绵羊妊娠。本文综述了绵羊妊娠识别、建立和维持的信号系统。     

活性氧和一氧化氮在植物——病原体互作反应中的作用

植物被病原体感染后，植物体内活性氧产量急剧增加，这一现象被称为氧爆。活性氧族包括如单线态氧1O2、超氧阴离子自由基O2-.、氢过氧自由基HO2·、过氧化氢H2O2、羟自由基·OH等。与ROS关系密切的一氧化氮，属于活性氮族。ROS和NO参与植物生长发育调控和对环境胁迫的应答反应，特别是在对抗外来病原体的入侵的防卫过程中发挥了重要作用。本文主要讨论ROS和NO在植物与病原体相互作用中发挥的作用。     

利用仿真技术对数字信号处理教学改革的研究

以巴特沃斯滤波器设计为例,论述了MATLAB编程、信号处理工具箱等计算机仿真手段在数字信号处理教学中的应用,分析了数字信号处理与模拟电子技术等先修课程的内在联系。仿真技术的引入,使抽象复杂的数字信号处理理论具体化,从而降低了学生理解知识的难度,收到了很好的教学效果。     

植物系统素研究进展

概述植物系统素的结构特点,综述原系统素、系统素的膜受体、系统素在伤信号中的作用的研究进展,展望系统素今后的研究方向。     

角速度计检测信号数字滤波处理的研究

我们曾采用压电式陀螺仪角速度计检测行走车辆的角速度。但由于行走车发动机的振动、路面不平等因素的影响，在获得的信号中混有噪声，因而存在一定的误差。为了提高检测信号精度，有必要消除器器声。我们针对上述问题，采用数字滤波的软件实现方法来消除噪声，提高检测精度。对由实验所获得的数据进行了有、无数字滤波处理的对比分析，获得了较好的结果。这表明本研究通过软件的方法，既提高了检测精度，又降低了硬件成本。