陡山灌区实时灌溉预报研究

介绍了参考作物腾发量和实际作物腾发量的实时预报及修正方法 ,结合陡山灌区实际资料 ,分别针对主要旱作物和水稻建立了实时灌溉预报模型 ,并对模型各参数进行了率定 ,特别针对参考作物腾发量预报模型中 A0 的确定进行了分析 ,给出了更合理的 A0 取值方法。基于可视化语言开发灌溉配水实时决策支持系统 ,该系统界面友好 ,操作简单 ,实用性强 ,利于推广。     

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.     

通信与网络技术在温室环境控制中的应用

由于现代科学技术的飞速发展,现代信息技术及网络技术逐渐在温室环境控制中得到了应用,智能化温室在世界范围内引起了越来越广泛的关注,并在全世界范围内开始普及。为此,论述了通信及网络技术在温室环境自动控制中的应用情况,由此可以看出智能化温室给设施农业的发展带来的深远影响。     

模糊神经网络分层递阶控制在智能交通系统中的应用

结合济南市经十路交通干线车流拥挤问题，提出了利用模糊神经网络分层递阶控制城市交通干线车流量的方法，分析结果表明采用该方法可以减少车辆的停车次数和延误时间。     

Resource allocation tradeoffs in Manila’s peri-urban vegetable production systems: An application of multiple objective programming

This paper designed and developed a multi-objective programming (MOP) model to illustrate the dynamic relationship among technologies, productive activities, constraints and farmers’ objectives in the peri-urban vegetable production system and use the model as an economic tool in analysing probable consequences of a given action or innovation on the farm. The best compromise solution was generated using four analytical steps, as follows: single-objective optimization (to determine the ideal and anti-ideal values of the objective functions); constrained optimization (to generate the set of Pareto non-dominated solutions); cluster analysis (to trim down efficient set into smaller homogeneous groups); and compromise programming (to determine where the best compromise solution lies).     

黄河流域典型灌区灌溉节水管理模型研究

以黄河流域上下游2个典型灌区为背景，针对灌区有其农业水管理现状，开发了灌溉节水策略分析决策支持系统（DSS）原型。DSS是一个规划工具，通过对不同策略下田间配水及供水系统的模拟分析及综合决策，寻求最优的策略集合，以达到节约灌溉用水量、提高农业用水效率及维持农业可持续发展的目的。该DSS系统主要用于黄河流域灌区提高农业水管理水平的策略分析，也可用于评估灌区续建配套及土地最佳利用方案等方面。     

Monitoring forage production for farmers’ decision making

Objective management of grazing livestock production systems needs monitoring of forage production at the managerial unit level. Our objectives were to develop a system that routinely estimates forage above-ground net primary production (ANPP) at the spatial and temporal resolution required by farmers in the Pampas of Argentina, and to facilitate adoption of the system by end users as a managerial support tool. Our approach was based on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) logic, which proposes that ANPP is determined by the amount of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (APAR), and the efficiency with which that energy is transformed in above-ground dry matter (radiation use efficiency, RUE). APAR is the product of incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the fraction absorbed by the canopy (fPAR). We estimated fPAR as a non-linear function of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). RUE was empirically estimated for the two principal forage resources of the region, yielding the following relations: ANPP = 0.6 × APAR + 12, (R² = 0.86; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the upland sown pastures, and ANPP = 0.27 × APAR + 26, (R² = 0.74; p < 0.001; n = 18) for the lowland naturalized pastures, with ANPP in g/m²/60 days and APAR in MJ/m²/60 days. The models were able to predict independent ANPP values with acceptable accuracy. Computational procedures were automated and run in a Relational Data Base Manager System that stored and managed all the information. The system is currently monitoring 212,794 ha in 83 farms and provides monthly ANPP values for the previous month and a history of the last 6 years. The data so generated show ANPP differences between the two major forage resources, considerable variability of a given month’s ANPP among years and paddocks, and contrasting among-farm differences in the efficiency of conversion of ANPP and forage supplements into beef production. The system was well accepted by end users who utilize it mainly for making near real time decisions according to last month ANPP, and explaining results of previous production cycles by incorporating ANPP as an explicative variable. However, there were differences among farmers in the degree of utilization, apparently related to the advisor’s attitude toward this new technology. Our results indicate that (1) forage production of large extensions can be monthly monitored at the paddock level by a small laboratory with capabilities in geographic information systems, and (2) advisors and farmers apply this information to their managerial decisions.     

谷物循环干燥机控制系统硬件设计

针对循环式缓苏干燥机的工作特性，采用单片机模糊控制方法进行控制系统硬件设计，为解决单片机与计算机的双向通讯，实现干燥过程专家智能控制提供硬件基础。     

冲量法谷物流量测量系统的试验研究

根据精细农业研究的实际要求，首先在不考虑外部振动的情况下设计了一种基于冲量原理的谷物流量测量试验装置。该装置由自行研制的冲量传感器、数据采集器和谷物流动模拟箱体组成。试验结果表明，这种装置测量误差的绝对值小于5%，在此基础上又进行了谷物产量时监测系统的试验研究，试验结果表明，在引入外部机械振动的情况下，经过滤波处理系统测量误差的绝对值小于8%。     

基于物联网Android平台的远程智能节水灌溉系统

针对农业灌溉中的水资源浪费问题和灌溉远程控制问题,对物联网相关技术进行研究,设计了基于物联网Android平台的农业远程智能节水灌溉系统,实现了对多传感器节点(空气温湿度、光照、土壤湿度、电磁阀、变频器等)远程采集和控制,以及对多个控制器节点的远程监测与控制。系统不受时间地域限制,用户可以通过Android移动终端实现对智能节水灌溉系统的监测和控制。系统采用CC2 5 3 0作为无线传感器芯片、OK6 4 1 0作为控制器节点芯片。实测结果验证了该设计的可行性和有效性,可为远程智能节水灌溉提供平台支持,能够满足农业节水灌溉的需要。