磷化氢熏蒸处理对嗜卷书虱不同虫态的致死作用

实验室条件下系统研究了磷化氢(PH3)对储物害虫嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila卵、各龄若虫和成虫的致死作用,并选用PH3间歇熏蒸以及PH3与气调交替处理等措施对嗜卷书虱进行处理,比较了不同处理措施对嗜卷书虱种群的控制效果。结果表明,PH3熏蒸处理对嗜卷书虱各虫态有不同的致死效果。对卵而言,24、72和120 h熏蒸处理的LC50分别为0.137、0.045和0.035 mg/L;而24 h熏蒸处理对若虫的LC50在4.285~7.364 μg/L之间,对成虫的LC50为20.404 μg/L;采用25 μg/L的PH3进行24 h熏蒸处理,间隔10 d后再分别进行第2次和第3次熏蒸处理,可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。采用PH3 (12 μg/L)和气调(体积比例为35% CO2,1% O2,64% N2)交替处理能够延缓嗜卷书虱种群抗性的发展,交替处理3~5次可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。     

昆虫神经肽类激素的研究及应用前景

由昆虫脑神经内分泌细胞分泌的神经肽类激素 ,咽侧体活化激素 (allatotropin ,AT)和咽侧体抑制激素 (al latostatin ,AS) ,分别刺激或抑制咽侧体的保幼激素的生物合成 ,从而控制昆虫的生长、发育和变态。利用昆虫神经内分泌的失调 ,使其体内激素水平失调 ,来达到控制害虫的目的。     

O3对日光温室黄瓜病虫害的防治效果

通过室内与大田试验，明确O3对日光温室黄瓜病虫害的防治效果。研究结果表明，在病害发生初期，用O3发生器隔天施放O3，每天施放3次，每次40min，间隔20min，O3浓度维持约1mg／kg，施放后7天，对黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病、细菌性角斑病及灰霉病防治效果分别为63．4％、53．6％、68．7％和65．0％。室内施放O3 60s，间隔20min，持续12h，对温室白粉虱、南美斑潜蝇成虫杀伤力为100％。O3对黄瓜植株安全，但随着黄瓜生育期的推进，对O3的忍受能力依次减弱。苗期忍耐O3最大浓度为1～2mg／kg，结果期0．4～1mg/kg，后期0．2～0．4mg／kg。O3防治黄瓜病虫害新技术具有安全、有效、方便、无二次污染等特点，尤其在黄瓜定植前对棚室进行大剂量消毒，可不留死角，且有效地解决了硫磺等药物消毒所造成棚内一些设施的破坏及对生态环境污染的难题，具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

Leafhopper and planthopper vectors of rice viruses and their management in Nepal

Research on insect pests (including leafhoppers and planthoppers) in Nepal was initiated in 1956 by the Entomology Division and Plant Protection Units of the Department of Agriculture. More systematic work began after the establishment of a Rice Improvement Programme in 1972. Because of poor documentation and publication of research findings, it is difficult to assess the research efforts and achievements to date. The available research reports are mostly published in the proceedings of national seminars/workshops. They are used here to assess the current status of research on the occurrence and damage caused, distribution and composition, relative abundance, biology and management through chemicals. Much of past research has focused on insect surveys by light traps and sweep nets and the evaluation of insecticides and, since early 1990, some research on rice green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix nigropictus) has begun to determine their relative abundance and population characteristics in relation to their potential as vectors of rice viruses. The challenges to pest management in general and some suggestions for future research needs are discussed, based on the present standing of agricultural research in the country     

丙硫磷控制稻瘟病的作用方式及应用技术

经１９９３－１９９５年生物测定和田间多点试验示范发现；１．丙硫磷对稻瘟菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成有显著的抑制活性，ＥＣ５０为１０３．３ｍｈ／Ｌ，５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的抑菌率达９６．２％；２．丙硫磷１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ对水稻苗叶瘟和穗瘟的预防效果分别为７９．４％和９０．７％，治疗效果分别为３９．３％和４１．８％；３丙硫磷６００－９００ｇ／ｈｍ＾２防治双季稻和瓜后稻穗瘟病的田间小区效果分别为７０．８％－８０．２％和     

甘蓝多酚氧化酶的生物化学性质及其杀虫剂的诱导作用

采用时间动力学法,在研究了甘蓝多酚氧化酶的最适反应条件的基础上,对有机溶剂和杀虫剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:甘蓝多酚氧化酶反应的最适pH值为6.4,最适反应温度为55℃;丙酮和乙醇对多酚氧化酶活性有明显的激活作用;高效氯氰菊酯、灭多威和辛硫磷以及小菜蛾和桃蚜取食的胁迫会对多酚氧化酶的活性产生影响。     

扫描昆虫雷达实时数据采集、分析系统

利用自行设计、制作的扫描昆虫雷达数据采集分析系统,对扫描雷达回波的VGA图像信号进行单帧采集和多幅序列采集,经过图像处理、参数自动识别和回波的自动分析、计算后可得到昆虫活动的方位、高度、距离、密度、飞行的方向和速度等一系列迁飞活动数据。对迁飞昆虫活动实时监测,实现该类害虫的准确预测和有效治理具有非常重要的作用。     

Combining competition from Lolium perenne and an insect–fungus combination to control Rumex obtusifolius seedlings

Although adult Rumex obtusifolius are problematic weeds, their seedlings are poor competitors against Lolium perenne, particularly in established swards. We investigated the possibility of using this weakness to augment control of R. obtusifolius seedlings with combinations of Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis. Rumex obtusifolius seedlings were grown in competition with L. perenne sown at different rates and times after R. obtusifolius: they competed successfully with L. perenne when sown 21 days before the grass. Sowing both species at the same time resulted in a dominant grass sward, with R. obtusifolius becoming dominant when sown 42 days prior to L. perenne. Grass sowing rate had no effect on R. obtusifolius growth or biomass. A second experiment investigated how competition from L. perenne sown 21 days after R. obtusifolius combined with damage from G. viridula and/or U. rumicis (applied at either the 3–4‐ or 10–13‐leaf stage, or at both stages) affected the growth and final biomass of R. obtusifolius. Beetle grazing at the latter leaf stage was the only treatment that reduced R. obtusifolius biomass, although rust infection at the earlier application led to an increase in shoot and root weight. The results are discussed in terms of the potential for use of these agents in the field.     

从可持续发展浅谈森林保护与利用对策——以森林生物多样性保护与病虫害控制为例

通过分析森林生物多样性与森林病虫害的现状及其对森林可持续发展的意义,提出了提高意识、加强管理,依靠科技手段保护生物多样性和防治病虫害等措施建议,以期可持续发展森林保护与利用。     

昆虫嗅觉在监测物质开发上的应用

本文对昆虫嗅觉传导信息化合物的机理在监测物质开发方面的应用前景进行了综述。首先介绍了参与昆虫嗅觉传导的多种蛋白组分、关键组分OBPs和Ors缺失后对昆虫行为的影响;其次对昆虫嗅觉及其关键组分在害虫监测仪器的开发和高效诱集物质研发上的应用进行了阐述,以期提高害虫监测水平。