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11.
12.
用RAPD技术筛选中国荷斯坦牛产奶量性状遗传标记 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
选用320条10碱基随机引物在由36头高产(305d产奶量〉8500kg)和32头低产(305d产奶量〈5600kg)中国荷斯坦牛所组成的2个DNA池间进行RAPD-PCR扩增,从中筛选出稳定性好、带型清晰且在2个DNA池间有明显差异的RAPD引物24条。用筛选到的24条引物对所有个体进行PCR检测,得到了5个与奶牛产奶量性状相关的RAPD标记,并对其中4个进行了克隆测序和SCAR标记转化以及生物信息学分析。结果表明:SCAR标记yield—s139与产奶量密切相关,应用电子克隆方法已将该标记由921bp延伸到2141bp,经同源性比较发现,此标记对应于奶牛基因组中LINEs家族中的一个重复元件,推测该元件附近可能存在与产奶量性状相关的QTLs或主效基因。 相似文献
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15.
用剩余初乳代替全乳培育犊牛是近年来奶牛业中的新课题之一。本文通过1986—1987年的犊牛饲养试验,对犊牛的饲料采食量、生长发育、成活率及经济效益等方面进行了比较系统的研究。研究结果表明,用发酵初乳培育的犊牛与用常乳培育的犊牛相比:(1)耗奶少培育成本低,每头犊牛节约鲜奶415公斤,节省饲料费233.15元。(2)生长发育良好,尤其早期补喂犊牛料,促进了瘤胃的提早发育。(3)抵抗力强、发病率低,成活率高。(4)经济社会效益显著。 相似文献
16.
丁勇义 《林业机械与木工设备》2001,29(7):20-22
车间粉尘与湖湿空气是人造板热压机液压系统油液外界污染的主要原因,通过构筑封闭式泵房,增设辅助油箱,改变没箱底部结构,设置排污,排水装置,可有效降低人造板热压机液压系统油液污染,改善液压系统性能,提高压机工作效率。 相似文献
17.
F. Atroshi J. Parantainen S. Sankari T. Österman 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):427-433
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study. 相似文献
18.
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
N. Mestorino M. F. Landoni M. Alt J. O. Errecalde 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(4):295-303
The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t
1/2) and elimination (t
1/2) half-lives of 6.10±1.39 min and 1.60±0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9±0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79±256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t
1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89±11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t
1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62±1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09±3.42 µg/ml at 2.5±0.32 h.After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2±0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02±1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90±5.24 µg/ml at 23±8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59±6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91±4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37±2.20 µg/ml at 3.4±0.22 h.Abbreviations AUC
area under the concentration-time curve
- CAP
chloramphenicol
-
C
max
peak concentration
- IM
intramuscular
- IV
intravenous
- TAP
thiamphenicol
-
t
1/2
distribution half-life
-
t
1/2
elimination half-life
-
V
c
volume of central compartment
-
V
d
volume of distribution 相似文献
19.
新鲜蔬菜硝酸盐含量测定的改进试粉法 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为适应新鲜蔬菜硝酸盐快速检测的需要, 在现有试粉法的基础上对硝酸盐测定的试粉法进行了改良研究。结果表明, 本研究建立的直接以去离子水浸提蔬菜匀浆, 混合试粉配方为柠檬酸∶一水硫酸锰∶无水对氨基苯磺酸∶N - 1 - 萘乙二胺盐酸盐∶细锌粉= 30∶4∶1.6∶0.8∶1, 其加入量为0.1 g的改进试粉法, 对于溶液中硝酸盐含量在0~20 mg/L范围时, 显色吸光值与硝酸盐含量呈现良好的线性关系, 相关系数达0.9999, 方法回收率在97.7%~104.5%之间, 相对标准偏差2.71%。用本改进试粉法测定11种蔬菜的硝酸盐含量与国标法测定结果的t检验具有一致性。 相似文献
20.
Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records. 相似文献