Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Salinization and Alkalization in Cotton Fields

We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions，compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L^－1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L^－1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.     

黄芪中药种衣剂对黄芪部分生理指标的影响

黄芪为豆科植物膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge)或蒙古黄芪(A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge var.mongholicus(Bunge)Hsiao)的干燥根。针对药用植物黄芪的农艺性状和栽培中遇到的主要问题,开发制备了黄芪专用型种衣剂,对黄芪种子进行包衣,通过田间试验,定期采样,对黄芪的根系活力、叶绿素质量分数、硝态氮、蛋白质、可溶性糖的质量分数进行测定,检验种衣剂对黄芪的这5种生理指标的影响。     

西北旱区喷灌条件下紫花苜蓿生长特征与品质指标的关系

西北旱区由于独特的气候条件,生产的苜蓿干草品质好,产量高。如何根据苜蓿的田间指标估测干草品质参数,对于苜蓿草产品生产销售具有重要意义。研究在喷灌条件下不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿的生长品质的影响,并利用生长指标对紫花苜蓿的品质进行预测。试验于2014至2015年于中国农业大学石羊河流域生态节水试验站进行为期2年的田间试验。试验共设3个灌溉处理:A₁灌溉量为100%紫花苜蓿蒸腾蒸散量(ETc),A₂,A₃的灌溉量分别为A₁处理的66%,33%,以及一个不灌溉处理A₄。结果表明,苜蓿生长指标如株高(H)和茎叶比(SLR)随生育期的推进呈上升趋势,而鲜干比(FDR)呈下降趋势;所有生长指标随着灌溉量的减少均呈下降趋势。在品质方面,随着生育期的推进,所有处理的粗蛋白(CP)呈下降趋势,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)则呈现上升趋势;随着灌溉量的降低,NDF与ADF呈下降趋势,而CP则呈上升趋势。各生长指标与品质指标的拟合结果表明,H和SLR均与各品质指标显著线性相关(P<0.001),且H与品质拟合结果相关系数最高(R²>0.900),而FDR则与各品质指标不显著。这些结果表明,在田间管理较好,长势良好,杂草与病虫害发生较少的情况下,可以用株高对苜蓿干草品质做出预测。     

1971—2016年河南省夏玉米生长季极端干旱时空特征

选用地表湿润指数，利用1971—2016年气象数据对河南省夏季极端干旱发生的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明：近46 a来，河南省夏季极端干旱发生频数在年均0.08～2.15月之间，总体上呈现微弱的下降趋势。6月和9月极端干旱发生次数高于7月和8月。1970s发生频数最多，2000s最少，2010s呈现回升的趋势。6月和9月极端干旱发生站次百分比明显高于7月和8月，且6、7月和9月的发生站次百分比在2010s也呈现回升趋势。各年代平均发生频数均以豫南地区最高，近46 a来极端干旱总次数呈现由南向北逐渐递减的分布特征，但6月份发生总次数高值区则主要分布在豫中和豫西地区。全省范围内极端干旱发生存在明显的4~8 a周期变化，2010s极端干旱发生频数和站次百分比均呈回升趋势，应引起夏玉米生产上的关注和重视。     

How do timing,duration, and intensity of drought stress affect the agronomic performance of winter rye?

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) will be especially affected by drought induced yield losses in Central and Eastern Europe in the future because it is predominantly cultivated on low-fertile soils with a poor water-holding capacity. In order to examine the performance of winter rye under different drought conditions, field experiments were carried out during the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Braunschweig, Germany. Two sets of genotypes were tested under severe, mild, pre-anthesis, and post-anthesis drought stress in rain-out shelters as well as under rainfed and well-watered conditions. The grain, straw, and total above ground biomass yields, harvest index, grain yield components, leaf area index (LAI), and phenological characteristics were examined, as well as phenotypic correlations between grain yield and further characteristics. Drought induced grain yield reduction ranged from 14 to 57%, while straw yield and harvest index were lesser affected by drought than the grain yield. Under drought conditions, fully ripe was reached up to twelve days earlier than under non water-limited conditions. Pre-anthesis drought mainly reduced spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ while drought during grain filling reduced the 1000-kernel weight (TKW) only. The grain yield was positively associated with straw yield, spikes m⁻², and kernels spike⁻¹ under water limited conditions while the TWK was only positively associated with grain yield under drought during grain filling. Consequently, high pre-anthesis biomass as well as high numbers of spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ are especially important for obtaining high grain yields under water-limited conditions. Focusing on these traits is, therefore, recommendable for developing drought tolerant rye genotypes.     

动态细分饲粮营养供给对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、氮与磷代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在根据肉鸡生长曲线及动态营养需要,研究动态细分饲粮营养供给对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、氮、磷代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡240只(公母各占1/2),随机分为3个组,分别为A组:每3.5 d 1个营养标准(1~7日龄1个营养标准);B组:每7 d 1个营养标准;C组:每14 d 1个营养标准。每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)C组肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于A、B组(P0.05),料重比(F/G)显著低于A组(P0.05)。A、B组肉鸡生产性能指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。不同动态细分饲粮营养供给方式对肉鸡肉品质的影响无显著差异(P0.05)。2)不同动态细分饲粮营养供给方式对肉鸡氮、磷代谢率的影响无显著差异(P0.05)。3)肉鸡28日龄时,C组肉鸡血清尿素氮(UREA)含量显著高于A组(P0.05);42日龄时,C组肉鸡血清UREA含量显著高于A、B组(P0.05),但A、B组肉鸡血清UREA含量差异不显著(P0.05)。4)不同动态细分饲粮营养供给方式对肉鸡血清皮质酮(CORT)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,每14 d 1个营养标准可使肉鸡的生产性能达到最佳,从实际操作的复杂性考虑,每7 d 1个营养标准可更好地满足饲粮的氨基酸平衡。     

栽培密度对吉杂141群体生理指标及产量的影响

[目的]明确矮秆早熟高粱品种吉杂141在佳木斯地区的合理栽培密度。[方法]以吉杂141为研究对象,在大田生产试验条件下,采用平播的方式,设置15万、20万、25万、30万、35万株/hm2共5个栽培密度,研究不同栽培密度下,吉杂141的群体生理指标、产量及产量性状。[结果]随着栽培密度的增大,叶面积指数增加,叶绿素含量下降,群体光合势和总光合势增加,株高差异不显著,穗长、穗粗逐渐下降,生物产量上升,千粒重和单穗重下降。[结论]初步明确在佳木斯地区采用平播方式吉杂141最适栽培密度为20万株/hm2,产量可达9 203.36 kg/hm2。     

种衣剂对防治雪梨瓜根腐病的药效研究

本文通过室内试验评估种衣剂对雪梨瓜种子发芽及苗期生长发育的安全性,并通过田间试验,比较种衣剂在不同时期对病情指数、防治效果及产量的影响,以筛选出对雪梨瓜根腐病防治效果理想的种衣剂。结果表明,4种种衣剂对雪梨瓜生长发育均安全。25%噻虫·咯·霜灵、12%甲·嘧·甲霜灵药后20 d防治效果达60%以上,62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈药后20 d的防效在50%以上;25%噻虫·咯·霜灵的稳定性好于12%甲·嘧·甲霜灵;35%多·福·克前期防治效果好,但持效性差。4种种衣剂对雪梨瓜都有一定的增产效果,25%噻虫·咯·霜灵增产23.30%,35%多·福·克增产17.96%。种衣剂处理能够有效防治雪梨瓜根腐病,在生产上建议首选25%噻虫·咯·霜灵作为雪梨瓜种衣剂,12%甲·嘧·甲霜灵和62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈可作为备选药剂交替使用。     

沾益区创建国家森林城市的思路与举措

分析沾益区在创建国家森林城市工作过程中的思路与举措,认为动员全民参与是“创森”工作的坚强后盾;确保工作经费,多方筹措资金是“创森”工作的动力来源;突出建设重点,完成创建指标实现是“创森”工作的最终目的;抓好森林资源保护,巩固工作成效是“创森”工作的安全保障;建好档案台账,完善痕迹管理使“创森”工作有据可查。