基于森林资源节约的出版规范改进研究

针对当前我国森林资源和文字规范工作的实际情况,在统计分析了森林资源流向、书刊发行现状的基础上,从节约资源的角度出发,应用工业工程的理论思想和方法对文字的规范标准及纸张节约等相关问题进行分析研究,提出了具有较强操作性和实际意义的改进方法。     

上海市水权交易的潜力分析—从产

随着城市经济的发展，农业、工业、生活和生态环境用水之间竞争加剧，运用市场机制和经济手段来合理分配水资源是目前国际社会所采取的战略举措。基于不同产业的用水效率和效益的差异分析，说明在产业间开展水权交易可优化水资源配置。现以工业化程度最高的上海为例，对上海的用水结构与产业结构进行对比分析，揭示水权交易的内在去驱动力，并提出了推动水权交易实践的政策建议。     

我国畜禽舍机械式降温系统的研究与发展现状

论述了我国畜禽舍机械式降温系统的研究与应用现状;比较分析了各种降温系统的优缺点与应用条件;考虑到设备投资与应用成本,认为采用正压送风的湿帘冷风机具有较大的应用潜力,集中式雾化降温系统和喷雾冷风机具有一定的优势;同时,指出了喷雾降温系统的研究重点是开发低成本的设备和完善适用于低压喷雾的集中式雾化降温系统的水雾分离装置.     

浙江省海宁市同仁养殖场沼气发电综合利用工程及效益分析

养殖业的污染已经成为制约规模化养殖业可持续发展的重要因素。浙江省海宁市同仁养殖园沼气发电综合利用工程,日处理养殖污水60余t,年处理量达2.37×104t,可每年节省开支1.9万元。日产沼气500 m3,用于发电,年可发电32万度,每年可创收12.8万元。太阳能集热装置100.8 m2,每年可节省开支1.26万元。年产有机肥480 t,每年仅有机肥一项的收入就可达到28.8万元。沼液经管道输送,作为附近10 hm2示范桑园及13.3 hm2稻田有机肥,又可为农民节约2.8万元。沼液、沼渣等的使用可提高土壤有机质含量,改良土壤,有利于土地资源的可持续利用。     

家畜排泄物综合处理工艺的研究

对我国广大农村家畜排泄物常规处理存在的利弊进行了调查研究,最终揭示出厌氧发酵制沼气、好氧发酵制复混肥的一套符合我国可持续发展、创建和谐社会、节约型社会的家畜粪便处理的科学、实用方法。     

无公害畜禽产品发展分析与对策

分析了我国畜禽产品的现状、存在的问题以及解决问题的对策与方法，指出了大力推进无公害畜产品发展是21世纪畜牧业发展方向。     

Short-Term Agronomical Effects of Olive Oil Pomace Composts on Pisum arvense L. and Trifolium subterraneum L. and Impacts on Soil Properties

Olive oil pomace (OLP) contains organic matter and nutrients that could be recycled by composting and supplying it to crops, solving the problem of disposal.

The effects of two OLP composts (C1 and C2) were assessed on two leguminous forage crops commonly cropped in the local livestock farms. In particular, C1 was applied on proteic pea and C2 on clover, compared with a mineral fertilizer (Min) and a commercial organic–mineral fertilizer (Org-min). The influence of composts on some soil chemical properties was also investigated.

The application of C1 significantly increased proteic pea dry weight at the end of the cycle by 27.2% and 52.0% and grain yield by 23.2% and 43.6%, in comparison with Org-min and Min, respectively. The clover dry weight during the entire cycle was lower in C2, in comparison with the other treatments, while no significant difference was found between C2 and the Org-min treatment both in yield and plant height.

Soil nitrate decreased from the beginning to the end of the trial in C1 and C2 plots by 22.8% and 50.9%, respectively. Soil phosphorous content significantly increased in Min by 32.4 and 41.7% compared to C1 and C2, respectively. These results showed that the substitution of commercial fertilizers with compost could be an environmentally sustainable solution. The high presence of heavy metals in compost should not affect soil application at least in this short-term trial.     

重大经济变革对电力需求影响的实证分析

电力行业作为国民经济的先行产业,与国民经济的发展有着密切的联系,经济领域的重大变革必然带来电力需求的相应变化,准确把握经济发展方向进而预测电力需求的变化是电力工业发展的重要条件。从经济平稳发展和经济发生重大变革2个层面对未来电力需求进行了分析,建立电力需求预测模型体系。最后以湖北省为算例,得到湖北省电力需求预测体系,并给出湖北省面对重大经济变革时电力行业所应采取的政策措施。     

General Nexus Between Water and Electricity Use and Its Implication for Urban Agricultural Sustainability:A Case Study of Shenzhen, South China

Although water and energy resources are well-recognized concerns regarding economic and social development sustainability, little specific research has focused on both water and energy problems at the same time. This study analyzed the water and electricity-use patterns in Shenzhen, South China during 2001-2009. A curve regression method was used to examine the relationship between water and electricity use per gross domestic product (GDP) in Shenzhen and its three sectors, i.e., agriculture, industry & construction, and residential life & services. Results showed that agriculture only covered less than 10% of water and electricity use in Shenzhen, while industry & construction and residential life & services accounted for more than 90% of water and electricity use in Shenzhen, which coincided with the city’s industrial structure. The water and electricity use per GDP in agriculture was the biggest among three sectors in Shenzhen during 2001-2009, which means inefficiency of water and electricity use in agriculture. Due to transitioning to advanced materials and manufacturing, both water and electricity use per GDP in industry & construction decreased during 2001-2009 and their utilization efficiencies gradually increased over time. The same held true for those in residential life & services transformed toward modern business, creative culture, finance services, etc. Derived from the survival of the fittest in competing for limited water and electricity resources, agriculture in Shenzhen has been gradually substituted by industry & construction and residential life & services, with much higher efficiencies of water and electricity use. And traditional agriculture will not be sustainable in the process of urbanization and industrialization, except high-tech intensive agriculture with low water and energy cost. Furthermore, by means of curve regression, we found that there was a significant quadratic relationship between water use per GDP and electricity use per GDP in the entire city and its three sectors. Suitable industrial transformation and advancement was a very effective way to save water and energy for modern cities. This can provide some reference for systematic planning and design of water and electricity allocation and use in agriculture, industry & construction and residential life & services in a city.     

在社会经济与森林资源因子约束下的我国林业区划研究——基于Kohonen网络聚类

在林业区划理论的指导下，根据林业统计年鉴公布的2009年的相关数据，本文选取社会经济因子与森林资源因子两方面的相关指标进行基于Kohone网络的聚类分析，以探究我国各地区林业产出与森林资源现状及两者之间的相关性。在社会经济与森林资源因子约束下，将全国区划为资源最充沛——林业较发达地区，资源较充沛——林业最发达地区，资源最匮乏——林业发展一般地区和资源较匮乏——林业欠发达地区四个区域。经过分析发现，产值最高的区域其资源不一定是最充沛的，相反，资源最匮乏的区域产值也不一定是最低的，两者之间没有绝对的正相关关系。