复方中药对蛋雏鸡感染IBDV后免疫器官的形态学影响

２００只３０日龄健康海兰蛋雏鸡随机分为四组,每组５０只。Ａ组饲料中添加复方中药,接种ＩＢＤＶ;Ｂ组饲料中添加中药,接种ＩＢＤＶ;Ｃ组不添加中药,接种ＩＢＤＶ;Ｄ组不作任何处理为对照组。在接种后７ｄ剖检、取材作石蜡切片,观察鸡免疫器官的形态学变化。结果表明,传染性ＩＢＤ野毒可使鸡免疫器官发育不良,主要导致法氏囊的淋巴细胞变性坏死,抑制免疫活性细胞的生成,导致免疫抑制;中药促进免疫器官发育及免疫活性细胞生成,提高免疫活性,调节免疫抑制,使免疫器官的组织结构保持或恢复正常水平;复方中药抗ＩＢＤＶ感染的效果优于中药。     

盐度变化对军曹鱼稚鱼相关免疫因子及其生长的影响

研究了盐度(5、10、20、30及对照37)对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)稚鱼生长及其血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、旁路途径补体(ACP)溶血活性(ACH50)和总免疫球蛋白(T-Ig)含量等免疫因子的影响。实验周期为14 d。结果表明,在逐渐达到设定盐度后养殖14 d,盐度30组稚鱼特定生长率(SGR)最高(5.77%/d),而盐度5和10组的SGR(分别为4.24%/d和4.38%/d)显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。在低盐度环境中血清溶菌酶活性在第7天各组都有不同程度升高,其中以盐度20组升高最为显著,其次为盐度10和30组,但第14天各组溶菌酶活性又都回落至对照组水平;而稚鱼在低盐度环境中血清ALP活性受到明显抑制,且活性与盐度呈一定正相关;各组间ACP活性在第7天各盐度组间无明显差异,但实验结束时盐度5和10两组出现显著升高;而T-Ig含量在盐度10组中始终明显高于其他组。研究显示,军曹鱼稚鱼在盐度20~37范围内都可正常生长,尽管稚鱼有较强的低盐度耐受能力,但过低盐度明显影响其生长率并导致体色变黑、蛀鳍和应激增强等异常表现。此外,盐度变化还影响稚鱼多种免疫相关因子。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):120-125]     

Effects of Different Forced Molting Methods on Postmolt Production,Corticosterone Level,and Immune Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells in Laying Hens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different molting methods on postmolt production, plasma corticosterone levels, and antibody production to SRBC for the welfare of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 120 IGH-type Brown laying hens (70 wk of age), randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. The hens in one group were fed a whole-grain barley diet during the first 10 d (WB diet). On d 11, hens consumed 100 g of layer diet/d until d 28. In the second group, hens were fed a Zn diet containing 10,000 mg/kg of Zn as ZnO for 10 d (Zn diet). Hens were then provided 100 g of a layer diet from d 11 to 28. In the third group, feed was withdrawn for 10 d, and on d 11 hens were fed a cracked corn diet ad libitum until d 28 (California method; CAL diet). Hens in all groups were returned to the layer diet ad libitum on d 29. Egg weight was lower in the Zn treatment than in the other treatments. Feed intake and plasma corticosterone levels were higher and antibody production was lower in the CAL treatment than in the WB and Zn groups. The FCR was better in the WB than in the Zn group. Mortality, egg production, and egg quality were not significantly different among the molting methods. As a result, the WB molting program was the best method for postmolt production among the programs examined.     

Effects of instream structures on Kirikuchi charr, southernmost population of genus Salvelinus, in a small mountain stream of Japan

ABSTRACT:   The changes in physical habitats and responses of fish, e.g. the Kirikuchi charr Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus , were examined by placing instream structures in a stream on the upper drainage of the Totsu River system of the Kii Peninsula, Japan, over a two-year period. Instream structures created pools below the structures, and these pools have maintained their functions as fish habitats over two years. In two treatment sections, sections A and B (some red-spotted masu salmon were removed in advance in section B), mean water depth increased soon after placing the structures, but decreased over two years. Mean water velocity slowed after placing the structures in both sections. Total fish abundance has been relatively high at the two treatment sections compared with a control section after placing the structures. Age 1 Kirikuchi charr, however, increased only in section B. These results indicate that instream structures can serve as habitat enhancement for fish, including Kirikuchi charr, in the study area if other appropriate habitat factors for respective species are taken into consideration.     

硝化抑制剂缓释尿素试验效果初探

硝化抑制剂缓释尿素具有提高氮素利用率、增产、增收、节肥等功效。为验证其在水稻上的应用效果,特进行此试验。结果表明:底肥一次性施用硝化抑制剂缓释尿素或第一代缓释尿素对水稻具有不同程度的增产效果,分别增产6.7%、3.9%,净增收76.35元/667 m2、52.19元/667 m2,节省肥料、节省功时费,在生产上有一定推广价值。     

恰玛古胶囊联合FOLFIRI方案对晚期大肠癌患者免疫功能的临床观察

目的 探讨恰玛古胶囊对使用FOLFIRI方案的大肠癌患者免疫功能影响.方法 将符合条件的64例大肠癌患者,随机分为对照组,实验组,两组均给予一周期FOLFIRI标准化疗,实验组加服恰玛古胶囊15粒一日三次,连服14天.对照组给予安慰剂胶囊15粒一日三次,连服14天.治疗前后分别进行KPS评分,血清中淋巴细胞亚群及白介素-15测定.结果共观察61例,治疗组31例,对照组30例.治疗组：KPS评分比较,实验组显著优于对照组.两组治疗后治疗组CD3＋、CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋比值高于对照组,CD8＋低于对照组,两组治疗前后IL-15血清浓度无统计学差异.结论 恰玛古胶囊可提高FOLFIRI患者的KPS评分,改善其体力状态,对其免疫系统有正向调节作用.     

数字图像处理在SEM空蚀图像定量分析中的应用

针对收缩-扩散型水洞中进行铝制翼型空蚀破坏试验时,传统度量不能准确量化翼型表面不同位置的空蚀程度,提出了数字图像检测的方法.获取试验翼型表面SEM空蚀图像,然后对图像进行模糊增强,并进行类间方差最大阈值分割,用二值形态学方法处理边缘,最后由统计特性计算出空蚀破坏表面积、蚀坑数量等.图像测量可得到空蚀对翼型表面破坏数值的定量结果.     

助阳中药粗提物对粤黄鸡免疫功能的影响

将１日龄健康雌性粤黄鸡１２０只随机均分为４组。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加２％淫羊藿粗提物、２％补骨脂粗提物、１％淫羊藿粗提物＋１％补骨脂粗提物。在１４日龄时给每只鸡接种１次鸡新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗。试验期（８周）末，与Ⅰ组比较，Ⅱ、Ⅳ组胸腺指数显著减小（Ｐ＜０．０５），脾脏指数显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅳ组的法氏囊指数也显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０５）；外周血液中Ｔ淋巴细胞百分率以Ⅱ、Ⅳ组升高极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅲ组升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清中ＮＤＶ抗体滴度Ⅱ、Ⅳ组升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清中Ｔ３含量Ⅱ、Ⅲ组升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）、Ⅳ组升高极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｔ４含量仅Ⅳ组升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅱ、Ⅲ组升高不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果提示，淫羊藿粗提物和淫羊藿粗提物＋补骨脂粗提物均能增强粤黄鸡细胞免疫及体液免疫功能，而补骨脂粗提物只增强细胞免疫功能。     

复方中药提取物在新城疫B_1株免疫中的免疫增强作用

用自制的中药提取物与新城疫Ｂ１株混合后免疫５５日龄鸡，以血凝抑制试验测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明，５５日龄鸡的中药提取物最佳用量为１．０ｍＬ，试验组鸡ＮＤ抗体效价明显高于对照组。免疫后６０ｄ用Ｆ４８Ｅ８新城疫强毒进行攻击，试验组的保护率达到１００％，而对照组相对较低。