基于乡镇尺度Landsat8 OLI影像融合算法适应性研究

本文利用OIF因子选择乡镇尺度下Landsat8 OLI影像MS最优波段组合,在此基础上,研究OLI影像MS波段与PAN波段对6种融合算法：Brovey法、PCA法、Daubechies小波变换法、Coifet小波变换法、HIS与小波相结合的变换法、PCA与小波相结合的变换法融合的适应性,并对融合前后影像进行SVM分类,以验证融合结果在实际生产应用中的有效性。结果表明：B456为7波段35种组合方式中最佳波段组合,其OIF值为27.842;对融合前后影像进行定性和定量精度评价,OLI影像对PCA算法融合适应性最强,各精度指标均占优;Daubechies小波算法光谱扭曲度最小;HIS-wavelet算法清晰度最高;PCA-wavelet算法相关系数最高,融合结果信息含量最大;适应性最差为Brovey算法。土地利用分类精度验证结果表明：OLI影像经PCA算法融合后有助于提高分类精度。     

利用TM影像和偏最小二乘回归方法估测三峡库区森林蓄积量

为进一步提高遥感模型预测森林蓄积量的精度和稳定性,分析了遥感特征因子、地形特征因子、郁闭度与森林蓄积量之间的相关关系。在此基础上,利用偏最小二乘回归方法构建了森林蓄积量遥感预测模型,生成了三峡库区森林蓄积量空间等级分布图,并与地面实测值进行比较。结果表明:该模型的最佳主成分数为3,且郁闭度、海拔、坡度、TM1、TM2、TM3、TM4、TM5、TM7、NDVI、RVI、TM7/TM3、TM4×TM3/TM2、亮度和湿度为预测森林蓄积量的入选变量;森林蓄积量预测的调整决定系数为0.524,相对误差为7.33%,均方根误差为1.763m3;利用该模型计算出三峡库区森林总蓄积量约为1.12亿m3,总体预测精度达到89.58%。研究结果为提高森林蓄积量遥感预测的精度提供了一种有效手段,有利于大面积应用和推广。     

基于嵌入式linux的农业专家系统的开发与实现

为提高农业专家系统的使用率,使其可以被带到田间地头直接指导农业生产。主要研究便携式农业专家系统的开发和实现,特别是提出以图像采集作为专家系统人机交互的信息输入,并详细介绍摄像头采集图像过程,使农业专家系统指导农民生产更直接,使用更方便。     

Shade factors for 149 taxa of in-leaf urban trees in the USA

Shade factors, defined as the percentage of sky covered by foliage and branches within the perimeter of individual tree crowns, have been used to model the effects of trees on air pollutant uptake, building energy use and rainfall interception. For the past 30 years the primary source of shade factors was a database containing values from 47 species. In most cases, values were obtained from measurements on a single tree in one location. To expand this database 11,024 shade factors were obtained for 149 urban tree species through a photometric process applied to the predominant species in 17 U.S. cities. Two digital images were taken of each tree, crowns were isolated, silhouette area defined and shade factors calculated as the ratio of shaded (i.e., foliage and woody material) pixels to total pixels within the crown silhouette area. The highly nonlinear relationship between both age and diameter at breast height (DBH), and shade factor was captured using generalized additive mixed models.We found that shade factors increased with age until trees reached about 20 years or 30 cm DBH. Using a single shade factor from a mature tree for a young tree can overestimate actual crown density. Also, in many cases, shade factors were found to vary considerably for the same species growing in different climate zones. We provide a set of tables that contain the necessary values to compute shade factors from DBH or age with species and climate effects accounted for. This new information expands the scope of urban species with measured shade factors and allows researchers and urban foresters to more accurately predict their values across time and space.     

专家分类方法在森林资源清查中的应用研究

以太原市的6个建城区为研究区,利用一类数据与SPOT5遥感数据,根据《山西省森林资源规划调查外业工作细则》中林地、林分分类标准,采用专家分类的方法,成功地分出了15个乔木树种和16个灌木及其组合。在不改变原小班划分的基础上,对采用目视解译方法在同时相SPOT5遥感数据上完成的森林资源清查数据进行校验,结果表明专家分类方法可以消除个人因素对解译结果的影响,在解译细节上强于目视解译;专家分类方法更科学、实用,在生产更具有推广意义。     

甘肃罕见区域性冰雹成因诊断

利用常规天气图、数值预报产品、云图雷达等资料,对2006年8月2日发生在甘肃陇东地区罕见区域性冰雹天气的成因进行综合诊断分析,结果表明,这次冰雹过程是大尺度环流形势异常情况导致影响系统反常规西进引发的,当华北冷涡分裂的横槽经河套北部南下,与300 hPa急流、地面冷锋交汇时触发了强烈对流;降雹区上空有强烈的上升运动和不稳定层结;卫星云图上有3个MCS;雷达回波图上有弓形回波形成的特征。     

基于径向基函数的神经网络对森林碳空间分布的模拟

利用径向基神经网络,结合森林资源清查的930个样地调查数据和对应的TM影像数据,选取与森林生物量相关性较大的3个植被指数TM4/57、ARVI和KT2作为神经网络的输入变量,对临安市森林碳储量的空间分布进行模拟。结果显示,利用径向基神经网络较好地重建了森林碳储量空间分布和变化,模拟结果与样地实测值间的一致性好,为区域森林碳储量的估测研究提供了方法支持。     

梳棉内层杂质高光谱图像检测

以梳棉内部深度1 ～6 mm处的多种杂质为研究对象,研究了高光谱成像技术检测效果和可行性.在波长460～900 nm范围内,提取高光谱图像中杂质和棉花的像素光谱.采用二次判别分析分类像素,构造分割二值图像,使用面积过滤器和形态学组合方法剔除二值图像中的噪声点和伪目标,统计杂质检测效果.结果表明可以检测棉网内一定深度的普通杂质(植物性杂质)、彩色丙纶丝、有色线和有色布块,能够检测部分黑色毛发和灰色丙纶丝.其中,普通杂质的检测效果最佳,正确检测率超过80％.     

Detection of common defects on oranges using hyperspectral reflectance imaging

To detect various common defects on oranges, a hyperspectral imaging system has been built for acquiring reflectance images from orange samples in the spectral region between 400 and 1000 nm. Oranges with insect damage, wind scarring, thrips scarring, scale infestation, canker spot, copper burn, phytotoxicity, heterochromatic stripe, and normal surface were studied. Hyperspectral images of samples were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) with the goal of selecting several wavelengths that could potentially be used in an in-line multispectral imaging system. The third principal component images using six wavelengths (630, 691, 769, 786, 810 and 875 nm) in the visible spectral (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions, or the second principal component images using two wavelengths (691 and 769 nm) in VIS region gave better identification results under investigation. However, the stem-ends were easily confused with defective areas. In order to solve this problem, representative regions of interest (ROIs) reflectance spectra of samples with different types of skin conditions were visually analyzed. The researches revealed that a two-band ratio (R875/R691) image could be used to differentiate stem-ends from defects effectively. Finally, the detection algorithm of defects was developed based on PCA and band ratio coupled with a simple thresholding method. For the investigated independent test samples, accuracies of 91.5% and 93.7% with no false positives were achieved for both sets of selected wavelengths using proposed method, respectively. The disadvantage of this algorithm is that it could not discriminate between different types of defects.     

诗情画意的中国古典园林与现代景观的意境营造

就中国古典园林诗情画意的特质,从空间序列、园林布局、叠山理水、植物配置、建筑营造方面,结合古典园林中的各个要素展现了其无处不在的诗情画意。强调了古典园林诗情画意的文化特性使其与中国传统的诗文绘画有着密切的关系,并使其与诗文绘画一样讲究写意,追求意境。分析了意境的内涵特征,即互生性、虚实性、关联性,介绍了中国古典园林写实与写意、造景与借景、移情与象征的意境营造手法。在此基础上,探讨了现代景观设计中意境营造的要点,强调应注重对环境、体验、经验、手法的理解,以通过更广泛的途径来展示空间场所感,营造空间意境美。