型腔尖角的轨迹优化

在铣削型腔尖角加工过程中,当环切法加工的行间距离比较大时,型腔尖角处将会出现加工残余.由于刀具与工件的接触线增加,使得尖角处铣削力增大.因此,采用了双圆弧过渡来处理型腔中的尖角,该方法能保证以尽可能大的行距走刀,缩短了加工时问,提高了加工效率,同时还可以清除尖角处的残余留量.尖角处刀具轨迹进行合理优化后,刀具沿着改进的轨迹快速运行,满足了高速铣削型腔的加工要求.最后,实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

论国家创新系统及其政策工具的选择

要使我国的经济实现三步走的战略目标 ,必须从国家创新系统的角度提出并规划我国的经济科技体制改革和发展战略。为此 ,对国家创新系统的基本概念、特点、构成、起源进行了论述 ,并对国家创新系统中政策工具的选择进行了分析     

组合机床的计算机辅助总体设计

以单面，钻孔类的组合机床为对象，提出了用于组合机床总体设计的ＣＡＤ模块的设计方法，以汉化ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ为绘图软件，以ＴｕｒｏｂｏＣ２．０为设计计算语言，开发了通用微机件的选型模块及图形处理模块。依据参数化设计的基本原理，采用编制参数程序的工作模式，建立了组合机床通用件图形程序库。     

CCROP—Simulation model for container-grown nursery plant production

Container Crop Resource Optimization Program (CCROP) is an integrative model which simulates the growth and water and nutrient requirements of a woody ornamental shrub grown in small (2.8–11.4 L) containers in a field environment with overhead sprinkler irrigation. The model was developed for producers, producer advisers and researchers to support best management practice decision-making in container nursery production. We describe the primary processes simulated by CCROP particularly how they differ from traditional crops grown in-ground and assess the ability of CCROP to simulate measured values for a range of irrigation and fertilizer trials and transplanting dates. Results of model testing with 11 trials indicate that CCROP provided reasonable outcomes for biomass and leaf area growth as well as evapotranspiration, runoff (container drainage plus un-intercepted irrigation and rainfall) and nitrogen loss.     

浅述涂层刀具与深冷加工刀具的性能对比

刀具的涂层与深冷处理都是当今世界上流行的刀具强化与处理的新，经上述处理后的刀具既具有硬度高。耐磨性好，又能保持较好韧性等特点，但两者又有诸多不同之处。本文是作者在实验研究基础上，针对这二种处理的刀具各自的特点进行了分析对比，便于在生产上能合理的推广使用。     

A quick and efficient screen for resistance to iron toxicity in lowland rice

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major stress to rice in many lowland environments worldwide. Due to excessive uptake of Fe²⁺ by the roots and its acropetal translocation into the leaves, toxic oxygen radicals may form and damage cell structural components, thus impairing physiological processes. The typical visual symptom is the “bronzing” of the rice leaves, leading to substantial yield losses, particularly when toxicity occurs during early vegetative growth stages. The problem is best addressed through genotype improvement, i.e., tolerant cultivars. However, the time of occurrence and the severity of symptoms and yield responses vary widely among soil types, years, seasons, and genotypes. Cultivars resistant in one system may fail when transferred to another. Better targeting of varietal improvement requires selection tools improving our understanding of the resistance mechanisms and strategies of rice in the presence of excess iron. A phytotron study was conducted to develop a screen for seedling resistance to Fe toxicity based on individual plants subjected to varying levels of Fe (0–3000 mg L^–1 Fe supplied as Fe(II)SO₄), stress duration (1–5 d of exposure), vapor‐pressure deficit (VPD; 1.1 and 1.8 kPa), and seedling age (14 and 28 d). Genotypes were evaluated based on leaf‐bronzing score and tissue Fe concentrations. A clear segregation of the genotypic tolerance spectrum was obtained when scoring 28 d old seedlings after 3 d of exposure to 2000 mg L^–1 Fe in a high‐VPD environment. In most cases, leaf‐bronzing scores were highly correlated with tissue Fe concentration (visual differentiation in includer and excluder types). The combination of these two parameters also identified genotypes tolerating high levels of Fe in the tissue while showing only few leaf symptoms (tolerant includers). The screen allows selecting genotypes with low leaf‐bronzing score as resistant to Fe toxicity, and additional analyses of the tissue Fe concentration of those can identify the general adaptation strategy to be utilized in breeding programs.     

埋钻事故分析及预防措施

本文对埋钻事故进行分析,提出了预防措施,结合工程实例,对埋钻事故分析更加清晰.     

热处理材的铣削加工性能分析

考察热处理对木材机械加工性能的影响,为优化热处理材的加工工艺提供借鉴,在本试验确定的加工参数条件下,对热处理柞木进行了铣削加工。试验结果表明,相比对照材,铣削加工热处理材时刀体的温度更低,在加工过程中排放的较小粒径粉尘的比例增加,热处理材加工面的粗糙度与对照材并没有显著差异。     

Agricultural residues in panel production – Impact of silica particle content and morphology on tool wear

Abstract

Considering ongoing global deforestation and the increased demand for raw materials in all wood-processing sectors it is necessary to seek and employ alternative resources. Agricultural residues are potential sources of alternative lignocellulose-based raw materials. Research on substitute materials for wood panel production mainly focused on physical and mechanical properties of boards while much remains to be learned about machining. Therefore, studies were carried out to analyse the relationship between ash and silica content and their impact on tool wear. Ash and silica contents of agricultural residues were determined following ISO 3340. Particle morphology and elemental composition of selected materials were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Tool wear tests were carried out using particleboards made from wheat straw, canola straw and spruce. Analyses of various plant materials displayed no correlation between ash and silica content. Bio-mineralised silica structures in wheat and canola were different compared to coarse silica found in wood-based particleboard. Tool wear caused by these agricultural residues was just moderately increased compared to wood, despite the fact that their silica contents were many times higher. Furthermore, the impact of abrasive substances on wear behaviour was influenced by the density of the panels.     

关于多媒体课件制作的探讨

计算机辅助教学的推广和普及,少不了多媒体课件的支持．教师要想制作出优秀的课件,首先应该合理选择或学习一种课件制作工具,其次应该把握好课件制作的各个环节,使所制作的课件符合教学规律,从而充分发挥现代化教育教学手段的优势,使教学效果达到最优化．