Performance of coated carbide tools when grooving wood-based materials: effect of work materials and coating materials on the wear resistance of coated carbide tools

This paper presents the performance of coated carbide tools when grooving various density hardboards and wood-chip cement boards. Work materials of low density (about 0.8g/cm³) and high density (about 1.2g/cm³) were tested. The coating materials studied were chromium carbide, titanium carbonitride, and titanium carbide, which were synthesized on P30 carbide substrate using a chemical vapor deposition method; titanium nitride, chromium nitride, and titanium carbonitride were synthesized using the physical vapor deposition method. Cutting tests were performed during grooving at a cutting speed of 1000m/min and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev. The results of the study show that the coated carbide tools are more advantageous in reducing the progression of tool wear and retaining lower normal force and noise level when cutting both hardboard and wood-chip cement board of high density than was the uncoated carbide tool. The wear rate of the coated carbide tools for the wood-chip cement board increased more rapidly than that of the hardboard with increasing densities. Though the coated carbide tools suffered more wear with the low-density wood-chip cement board than with hardboard, their normal force and noise level were always lower for the low-density wood-chip cement board.Part of this paper was presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Chugoku Shikoku branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Matsue, Shimane, September 25, 1999     

新型内孔挖槽刀具的结构和工作程序

本文介绍了斜楔式和偏心式两种新型内孔挖槽刀具的结构和原理．实际使用证明，这两种刀具都具有径向自动进刀和退刀，轴向位置可调，工作性能可靠，切削效率较高，加工表面质量好等特点，适用于多种机件内孔环形槽的切削加工．     

Research on Step/Iges Conversion Tool of Surface Model AP203-Based

Most CAD systems conform to STEP standard and IGES specification as their input/output interfaces. In this paper,the STEP/IGES conversion tool of surface model based on AP203 is presented. The interface architecture of conversion tool and program language representation of STEP integrated resource construct are discussed in detail,and the mapping of surface structure and the conversion of entity data between STEP and IGES are established. Finally,an applied example is given.     

Development approach and evaluation of the Nutrient Expert software for nutrient management in cereal crops

Meeting the demand for more food in the next 20–30 years requires intensifying cereal cropping systems and increasing current yields to about 70–80% of the genetic yield potential. A dynamic and robust nutrient management approach such as site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) will be essential to increase yields and optimize profits while maintaining the productivity of these intensive cropping systems. SSNM has increased yield and profit in rice, maize, and wheat in major cropping systems in Asia; but, crop advisors have found it complex and difficult to implement in the field. Nutrient Expert (NE) was developed to provide crop advisors with a simpler and faster way to use SSNM. NE enables crop advisors to develop SSNM recommendations using existing site information. Nutrient Expert for Hybrid Maize (NEHM) increased yield and profit of farmers in Indonesia and the Philippines. In Indonesia, NEHM increased yield by 0.9 t ha⁻¹, which increased profit by US$ 270 ha⁻¹ over farmer’s fertilizer practice (FFP). Compared with FFP, NEHM recommendations reduced fertilizer P (−4 kg ha⁻¹), increased fertilizer K (+11 kg ha⁻¹), and did not significantly change fertilizer N. In the Philippines, NEHM increased yield by 1.6 t ha⁻¹ and profit by US$ 379 ha⁻¹ compared with FFP. Compared with FFP, NEHM gave higher rates of all three nutrients (+25 kg N ha⁻¹, +4 kg P ha⁻¹, and +11 kg K ha⁻¹), which substantially increased fertilizer costs (US$ 64 ha⁻¹) but still increased profit by about six times the additional investment in fertilizer. NE accounts for the important factors affecting site-specific recommendations, which makes it a suitable starting point for developing nutrient management tools to reach more users.     

基于内含肽技术的生物传感器

开发用于分析复杂生物学问题的生物传感器,对于研究人类疾病和发现潜在药物分子十分重要。内含肽介导的蛋白质剪接技术的应用推动了新型生物传感器发展,基于内含肽技术的生物传感器可以对酶活性、激素受体、维生素和蛋白质与蛋白质间的相互作用等一些重要的生物学过程进行高效精准的分析和研究。重点阐述基于内含肽技术的生物传感器相关研究进展,并对其进行了展望。     

变速切削过程电机电流的变化特征

机床电机以时变转速方式运行时，瞬时电流确有一定程度的波动，但不影响电机的正常使用；在时变转速参数中，影响电机瞬时电流波动较为显著的因素依次是变速波形、变速频率和变速幅度。电机温升试验结果证明，机床电机对变速切削方式的承受能力是令人满意的。     

数控机床常见电气故障及分析

数控机床是一种高度机电一体化的产品,技术先进、结构复杂,是现代生产中重要的加工设备。通过对数控机床常见电气故障进行分析,为维修或故障诊断提供参考,从而大大提高了设备检修的工作效率和质量。     

三角网格细分曲面数控加工刀轨快速生成算

提出了一种基于三角网格细分曲面模型的刀轨生成算法,建立三角网格细分曲面模型的空间聚类索引结构,基于该结构实现网格模型与刀轨截面快速、精确求交获取刀触点集,并根据刀触点对应曲面位置处的微分几何性质确定刀位点,采用最小生成树算法对刀位点集排序生成刀轨.实例证明,该算法可有效提高复杂曲面模型的刀轨生成效率及精度.