我国柴油轿车的发展现状及展望

随着汽车工业的不断发展，轿车动力柴油化已成为行业发展的必然。总结了我国柴油轿车的发展现状，指出了柴油轿车的优势，论述了制约柴油轿车发展的因素，提出了促进柴油轿车未来发展的几点建议。     

液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架的结构设计

针对目前植保机械中所使用的喷杆喷架稳定性差、折叠伸展需要人工辅助等问题,设计出了一种液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架。对喷杆喷架的升降装置、90°液压油缸折叠机构、180°液压油缸折叠机构和整体宽幅喷架进行了理论分析和结构设计,并建立了关键部件的三维模型。通过田间试验验证了该装置设计方案的合理性,为研发先进适用、具有自主知识产权的液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架奠定了基础。     

Assessment of microbial biocontrol agent (BCA) viability to mechanical and thermal stress by simulating spray application conditions

Background

In order to improve the biological control agent (BCA) efficacy, stress factors threatening the viability of microorganisms during spray application need to be determined. The effect of spray mixture temperature and exposure time on Trichoderma harzianum T 22 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 viability were tested. Concurrently the combined effect of mechanical and thermal stress effect on BCA viability were tested at two initial spray mixture temperatures (14 and 25 °C) by simulating a spray application using airblast sprayers featured by different tank capacity and a spray liquid circuit (without and with hydraulic agitation system). To assess the BCA microorganism viability, spray mixture samples were collected at time intervals along trials and plated to count the colony forming units (CFU).

Results

The critical temperature threshold that inhibited BCA viability was 35 °C with 30 min of exposure. The sprayer type, the initial temperature of the spray mixture and the temperature increment during the trials significantly decreased the number of CFU recovered. When simulating a spray application, the spray mixture temperature increase rate was determined mainly by the residual amount of spray mixture in the tank. Even if the tank capacity does not substantially affect the final temperature reached by the spray mixture, the higher residual spray mixture in bigger tanks can expose the BCAs for a longer time to critical temperatures.

Conclusions

Experimental trials allowed us to identify the effect of factors affecting the viability of tested BCAs, providing information about the actual chance to guarantee the biological efficacy of BCA treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Challenges and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles as a new tool for crop pest control

The application of pesticides is not simply delivering chemicals to the target area. It also involves considering the negative aspects and developing strategies to deal with them during the application process, to ensure the maximization of pesticides use efficiency and the maintenance of the ecosystem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers demonstrate unique advantages compared to traditional ground sprayers, particularly in terms of maneuverability and labor intensity reduction, showed great potential for chemical application in pest control. It is undeniable that there exist challenges in the practice of UAV spraying, such as higher potential risks of pesticide drift or pathogen transmission, uncertainty canopy deposition for different crops, and unexpected leaf breakage induced by downwash flow. Maximizing the utilization of downwash flow while avoiding lateral air movement outside the intended target crop area is a major issue for chemical application with UAV sprayers, particularly in light of the increasingly apparent consensus on the need for enhanced environmental protection during the chemical application process. It must be considered that the operation strategy in different scenarios and for different crop targets is not the same, unique requirements should be given on nozzle atomization, flight parameters, adjuvants and aircraft types in specific working situations. In future, the implementation of spray drift prediction, technical procedures development, and other solutions aimed at reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition quality, is expected to promote the adoption of UAV sprayers by more farmers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

FLUENT软件及其在植保机械方面的应用

FLUENT软件是流体力学中通用性较强的商业软件之一，由于FLUENT软件的应用，节省了大量的人力和物力。对实际应用有重大的指导作用。为此，通过简述FLUENT在植保机械方面的应用实例，提出了FLUENT在植保机械方面的发展前景。     

功能性杂粮膨化食品的研制

选用苦荞、燕麦、杂豆等山西特色杂粮为主要原料,有针对性地强化苦荞的黄酮、燕麦膳食纤维等功能性营养因子,研制出可降低血脂、调节血压和润肠通便等专用系列杂粮膨化保健食品。     

Discussion of the Application and Foreground of Falling Water Aeration with the Process of Sewage Treatment

The engineering design of sewage treatment plant for the Chongqing city, P. R. China is analyzed in this paper. Considering the situation of China and other projects, the characteristics of falling water reactor for the environment protection project and economy of investment is introduced ; the application and foreground of falling water aeration in the process of sewage treatment is discussed, such as Oxidation - ditch, SBR, and so on. The conclusion indicated that the falling water aeration can be designed and used as an independent aeration, and, it is an upgraded technology of sewage treatment which is adaptive for city water environment control in middle and small towns in China. The falling water aeration may reduce running cost of the sewage treatment plant, is adaptive for foothill and the mountainous areas, and reduces project investment and environments damage.     

继电保护压板的智能校核方法

继电保护压板位置一般与一次设备运行方式相关,在一次设备运行方式改变时,有时需要改变压板的位置进行匹配。实际运行操作中因压板位置投退错误,已导致多起事故发生。为了避免保护压板出现漏投、误投现象,从搜索一次元件状态、运行方式的角度出发,在采集压板位置信息基础上,提出了一种压板位置与一次元件运行方式匹配状态的智能校核方法。根据一次元件的运行状态及相应的压板整定规则,生成一次元件压板位置关联规则库,利用变电站开关状态信息在变电站倒闸操作后自动识别一次元件状态,与一次元件压板规则库进行比较,当出现不一致时给出报警提示信号,实现了压板位置的智能校核。通过对实际工程中变压器运行转检修操作任务的分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Model of Survivable Architecture

Critical information system in Interact is in face of increasingly security problems. More attention has been focused on the survivability of information system, which is the capability of system to continue its mission even in the presence of damage to the system. The authors first introduce the definition of survivability. According to four function properties of survivability, which are Resistance, Recognition, Recovery, and Adaption, the authors design a model of survivable system structure and then explain survivability requirement, survivability strategy in this model. Additionally, they provide possible technical solutions for the survivability of systems, categorized by different aspects of our survivability strategy.