维生素A水平对生长猪生产性能、肝脏维生素A含量和血清免疫参数的影响

试验研究饲粮添加不同水平维生素A(VA) (0、1300、2600、5000、10000、15000IU/kg)对22 -50kg生长猪生产性能、胴体品质、胴体无脂瘦肉增重、肝脏和血浆中VA含量、血清免疫参数的影响。结果表明 ,添加VA1300 -10000IU/kg 提高了日增重 (P>0.05)、极显著地降低料重比 (P<0.01) ;但VA添加水平从1300IU/kg增加至10000IU/kg,料重比显著提高 (P<0.05) ,采食量也极显著提高 (P<0.01)。各组屠宰率、瘦肉率、脂肪率、背膘厚、胴体瘦肉成分都无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,眼肌面积则随VA水平的升高而趋于增大(P>0.05)。胴体瘦肉和无脂瘦肉日增重在添加VA1300IU/kg 和10000IU/kg两组间很接近 ,而且优于其它组 (P<0.05)。随着VA水平的提高 ,肝脏中VA含量极显著提高 (P<0.01) ,至添加VA10000IU/kg组最高 ,之后略下降 ;添加VA有使血浆中VA含量升高的趋势 (P>0.05)。各组血清中IgG、IgA、IgM含量都无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,添加VA使T淋巴细胞中CD3+ 和CD8+ 亚群比例趋于升高 (P>0.05),随着添加VA水平提高 ,血清T淋巴细胞中CD4+/CD8+比值趋于下降 ,至添加VA10000IU/kg 组最低 ,在VA15000IU/kg 组又明显上升 (P>0.05)。以肝脏中VA含量为指标 ,生长猪VA适宜水平为在基础饲料上添加10000IU/kg ,但根据生产性能等其它指标 ,添加1300IU     

铜中毒对雏鸭某些血液指标的影响

选用1日龄天府肉鸭210只,随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu12.16mg/kg)、铜中毒日粮(Cu850mg/kg)和铜中毒日粮(Cu1050mg/kg)。试验期7周。以血液病理学方法观察了铜中毒对雏鸭某些血液学指标的影响。结果显示铜中毒组、组雏鸭分别于2周龄和3周龄开始出现临床症状,死亡18只和5只。血液病理学变化表现为,红细胞大小不等、变形变性、坏死溶解;红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.01),血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清铜蓝蛋白活性下降。结果表明,铜中毒对雏鸭的生长发育和上述血液指标影响明显。     

Effect of water restriction on milk yield and quality in Lacaune breed ewes

The effect of water restriction on body weight, body condition score, milk yield, and milk composition and rheological characteristics in intensively reared Lacaune ewes was evaluated. After 7 days of adaptation, the trial lasted 28 days. Thirty lactating ewes (48 ± 5 months of age; mean value ± standard deviation) at the beginning of third lactation month were divided into three groups (n = 10), corresponding to the following water restriction treatment: a group control received no drinking water restriction (W100), and two groups received water to the extent of 80% and 60% of W100 daily consumption (W80 and W60 group respectively). The effects of water restriction were assessed at the beginning of experiment (D0), at D14 and D28. The W60 group resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body condition score, milk yield and feed consumption of hay due to the experimental treatment; whereas a marked increase in both W60 and W80 groups of milk lactose, urea, sodium, sodium chloride content and titratable acidity was observed. Rheological parameters of milk, rennet coagulation time and curd‐firming time were positively affected by water restriction treatments, with a decrease in both experimental groups of the time required for the formation of a stable and firm curd. Results highlight the importance of water consumption in dairy sheep. The scarce availability of water, significantly affecting ewes milk production, is worthy of particular attention in arid area where water stress‐resistant breeds should be considered. This study underlines that milk yield, being closely linked to the availability of water of the breeding habitat due to its high water content (about 81%), could be reached in area where water is not a limiting factor without reducing the genetic expression of the animals. Less severe water restrictions, such as 20% of daily voluntary water intake, produce no detrimental effect on milk yield.     

穗期玉米昼夜生理状态规律的遥感综合探测研究

针对QY、PRI、NDVI、水势分别从不同的方面反映玉米的生理状况,以甜糯二号玉米作为材料,通过田间试验测量玉米昼夜4个参数值,研究了QY、PRI、NDVI、水势4个参数的昼夜变化,并且分析它们之间的相关性。结果表明,QY、水势、PRI三者具有很强的相关性,并且能建立回归模型表示它们之间的联系。     

颗粒肥料离散元仿真摩擦因数标定方法研究

对分体圆筒法、倾斜法、抽板法和斜面法4种颗粒特性测试方法进行Plackett-Burman多因素显著性筛选试验,试验方差分析结果表明,不同的测试方法影响测量结果的显著因素与因素显著程度。根据分体圆筒法、倾斜法和斜面法的方差分析结果,提出一种基于颗粒物料整体特性的摩擦因数标定方法,将仿真试验与真实试验相结合,依次标定出尿素颗粒与PVC材料间静摩擦因数为0. 41,颗粒间静摩擦因数为0. 36,颗粒间滚动摩擦因数为0. 15。将所标定的摩擦因数采用无底圆筒法进行验证试验,休止角仿真试验结果为30. 57°,真实试验结果为31. 74°,相对误差为3. 69%,不同含水率下的实际试验休止角与所标定摩擦因数下的仿真休止角相对误差均不大于4. 59%,仿真试验结果与真实试验结果无显著差异,验证了所标定摩擦因数的有效性。本方法可用于其他颗粒状物料间摩擦因数的标定试验。     

Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

基于WSN的集中通风式分娩猪舍环境参数时空分布特性

为研究集中通风式分娩猪舍环境参数的时空分布特性,以云南省某规模化种猪场为试验对象,利用无线多源多点远程监测系统(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN),对地沟管道进风、中央排风式分娩母猪舍养殖环境开展了环境参数监测试验,并进行统计分析。试验结果表明,在试验期间内,分娩舍内不同时间段之间的温度(00:00-06:00、06:00-12:00、12:00-18:00以及18:00-00:00的平均温度分别为22.98、23.78、24.44和23.61℃)具有显著性差异(P0.05),相对湿度与温度随时间变化呈现负相关性,相对湿度的峰值点为82.31%,温度场分布均匀性比湿度场好,NH_3浓度分布均匀性比CO_2浓度差。NH3浓度在舍内能被有效的维持在低水平范围,各监测区域的浓度远小于指标值(20 mg/m~3),NH_3和CO_2会呈现出在边角积聚现象。温湿度指数较低,舍内平均温湿度指数(Temperature-humidity Index,THI)水平的峰值点为75.30,生猪出现热应激的概率较低。利用WSN系统,对集中通风式分娩舍环境参数进行多源多点远程监测,分析分娩舍环境参数时空分布特性,为分娩舍通风模式与环境调控策略优化设计提供参考。     

在宽泛的稠度范围内估算面粉标准粉质参数的可行性探索

为在宽泛的稠度范围内检测和估算小麦的粉质参数以服务品质育种，本研究通过构建和应用复合粉质参数，并结合梯度加水、目测加水和误差控制技术，明显降低了加水量对测定结果的影响，成功建立了一系列逻辑算式和回归方程，定量描述了宽泛稠度与标准稠度（500 FU）下检测结果之间的转换关系，实现了标准检测结果的非直接测定。目测加水估计结果与对应标准值的相关性显示，形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数和弱化度的估计标准值与标准值间的相关系数r=0.988～0.995；从不同途径推导出标准加水量预测的三个算式，其预测结果与标准值的相关系数r=0.983～0.995，综合预测效果明显优于单纯粉质仪内置软件的预测值。从而，用小而确定的样品量与一次目测加水测定（推荐稠度440～650 FU）估计标准检测结果，且可据此准确地调整加水量，直接测得达标的粉质参数。另外，借用逻辑算式还可将全部参数的达标值矫正为稠度500 FU时的标准值，使传统的粉质检测结果更加精准、更具可比性。     

基于Cruise的纯电动汽车的参数匹配与仿真

对某款纯电动汽车的驱动电机参数、传动系统参数、电池组参数等进行参数匹配选型,并借助汽车仿真软件AVL Cruise(Cruise是一款在业界功能最强大、最稳定,适用性最广的整车和传动系统性能分析的仿真工具)进行动力性能仿真分析。经过仿真验证之后,该参数匹配过程正确,动力性能达到设计的要求。     

农产品监测预警模型集群构建理论方法与应用

【目的】农产品供给与需求的准确分析测定,是农业监测预警能力提升的重要表现。构建产品多品种多环节模型集群理论方法,可高效解决单一环节或单一模型难以解决的分析技术难题。【方法】在农产品供需的重要要素即生产量、消费量、贸易量、价格等分析预测过程中,针对农产品品种间关联性强,自然、社会、经济诸多影响因素纠缠,模型多变量强耦合、非线性、参数时变的特点,提出多品种农产品“因素分类解耦、参数转用适配”方法,以构建多时空维度的监测预警模型集群。【结果】利用“因素分类解耦、参数转用适配”技术方法,研究构建了不同农产品的生产类、消费类、贸易类、价格类的模型集群。这些模型集群可用于对不同时空维度的水稻、玉米、小麦、肉类等主要农产品供需的长中短期的分析预测,支撑形成了农业展望中的主要农产品平衡表,其中主要农产品全国年度生产量6年平均预测精度高于97%。【结论】研究提出的农产品监测预警模型集群构建理论及其方法,有效提升了农产品多品种模型集群的求解效率和准确率,增强了农产品供需分析预测的系统性与智能性,为系统揭示农产品复杂的时空供需变化特征、促进农产品市场调控科学性和可预见性,提供了新技术方法。