烟粉虱卵在黄瓜上的空间分布及抽样技术

对烟粉虱卵在黄瓜上的空间分布型进行了研究.结果为:Iwao回归模型α=1.148 2＞0,β=1.423 1＞1;Talor幂法则loga=0.398 4＞0,b=1.517 4＞1.表明烟粉虱卵呈聚集分布, 其聚集度随种群密度的升高而下降, 分布的基本成分是个体群, 个体间相互吸引.采用Iwao方法求出不同卵密度下的最适抽样数.     

Effects of a mixture of NAA+BA on numbers and growth rates of tubers ofSolanum tuberosum L.

Summary A mixture of NAA at 10 mg 1¹+BA at 1 mg 1¹ caused increases in growth rates of treated tubers of potato. Sub-irrigation and foliage sprays with the same mixture caused tuber initiation and increased the growth rates of some of the tubers. In a field study substantial increases in tuber number and final tuber volume per plant were recorded.

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Zusammenfassung Die Faktoren, die die Knollenbildung und Wachstumsrate bestimmen, sind wenig bekannt. Die ?usserliche Anwendung verschiedener Wachstumsregulatoren, die getrennt auf Einzelknollen von Pflanzen, die in Spezialbeh?ltern wuchsen (Abb. 1), aufgetragen wurden, brachte wenig Ergebnisse, die kommerziell nützlich sein konnten. Eine Mischung aus NAA (10 mg/l) und BA (1 mg/l), in der selben Weise angewendet, schien jedoch das Wachstum der meisten behandelten Knollen zu f?rdern (Abb. 2). In einem 2. Versuch wurde die gleiche Mischung direkt auf ausgesuchte Knollen gegeben und es zeigte sich wieder eine Wachstumssteigerung bei einigen (Abb. 3d-f). Wurden die Wurzeln mit dieser Mischung behandelt, so beschleunigte sich das Wachstum einiger Knollen und in zwei von drei Pflanzen wurde das Wachstum des Knollenansatzes gef?rdert (Abb. 3g-j). Blattspritzungen führten zu einer starken Knollenbildung (Abb. 3k-m). In einem dritten Versuch wurden pro Woche 3 oder 7 Mal die Stengel gespritzt und das führte zu einem signifikanten Anstieg in der Knollenzahl und im Gesamtknollenvolumen/Pflanze (Tab. 2). Abweichungen von den genannten Konzentrationen oder im Verh?ltnis der beiden Wachstumsregulatoren ergaben einen Wirkungsverlust. Der Wirkungsmechanismus ist noch nicht gekl?rt.

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Résumé Les facteurs qui contr?lent la tubérisation et la croissance des tubercules ne sont pas très bien compris. Plusieurs substances régulatrices de la croissance ont été appliquées seules sur des tubercules de plantes cultivées dans des unités spéciales (fig. 1), mais peu d'information commercialement utilisable n'a p? en être tiré. Toutefois, un mélange de NAA (10 mg 1¹) plus BA (1 mg 1¹) appliqué de la même fa?on semble stimuler la croissance de la plupart des tubercules traités (fig. 2). Dans une seconde expérimentation, des applications du même mélange, faites encore directement sur les tubercules sélectionnés, favorisent la croissance de certains d'entre eux. Appliqué sur les racines, le mélange favorise la croissance de quelques tubercules ainsi que le début de tubérisation sur deux ou trois plantes (fig. 3g-j). Pulvérisé sur le feuillage, le mélange provoque une importante tubérisation (fig. 3k-m). Dans une troisième expérimentation en plein champ, la pulvérisation sur le feuillage trois à des accroissements significatifs du nombre de tubercules (tableau 2). Lorsqu'on s'écarte des concentrations établies ou du rapport des deux substances de croissance, ces effets disparaissent. Les mécanismes impliqués ne sont pas compris.

     

Population genetic diversity of the endemic Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus: implications for conservation

The Sardinian mountain newt Euproctus platycephalus, endemic to the island of Sardinia, (Italy), is considered a rare and threatened species and is classed as critically endangered by IUCN. It inhabits streams, small lakes and pools on the main mountain systems of the island. Threats from climatic and anthropogenic factors have raised concerns for the long-term survival of newt populations on the island. MtDNA sequencing was used to investigate the genetic population structure and phylogeography of this endemic species. Patterns of genetic variation were assessed by sequencing the complete Dloop region and part of the 12SrRNA, from 74 individuals representing four different populations. Analyses of molecular variance suggest that populations are significantly differentiated, and the distribution of haplotypes across the island shows strong geographical structuring. However, phylogenetic analyses also suggest that the Sardinian population consists of two distinct mtDNA groups, which may reflect ancient isolation and expansion events. Population structure, evolutionary history of the species and implications for the conservation of newt populations are discussed.     

Functional conservation units for the endangered Alcon Blue butterfly Maculinea alcon in Belgium (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

To organize and prioritise species-specific conservation efforts, we delineate `functional conservation units' for the threatened Alcon Blue butterfly Maculinea alcon in Belgium. We used detailed distribution data on the butterfly, its host plant and its habitat, present-day population sizes and its mobility and colonization capacity to determine functional conservation units (FCUs) on different spatial scales: FCU-1, i.e., the 12 presently occupied habitat patches plus the area within a range of 500 m surrounding them (the maximum local movement distance, based on mark-release-recapture data), FCU-2, i.e., the areas within a range of 2 km around the occupied habitat patches (the maximum observed colonization capacity) and FCU-3, i.e., potential re-introduction sites (sites where M. alcon went extinct recently). We suggest different management and planning measures for each type of functional conservation unit and discuss translocation and re-introduction as `intensive care' conservation measures for this threatened and sedentary species.     

农业科研单位内部控制现状与改进建议

内部控制工作是现代农业科研单位科学管理机制的重要组成部分。文章结合国内行政事业内部控制研究现状和农业科研单位工作实际,对当前农业科研单位内部控制管理存在的问题加以分析,并从内部控制环境、风险管理、预算和收支管理、资产管理、内外监督、信息沟通等方面提出改进建议。     

Impact of Community Forest Management on Biomass Carbon Stocks in the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve,Amazonas, Brazil

Forest management can result in net losses of carbon stock. To quantify the impact of the management it is important to assess losses or gains of carbon, as well as the sustainability of the management system. This study quantified the impact management under a Small-Scale Sustainable Forest Management Plan, which is a recently created category of authorized management for small managers in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Impact was quantified on the number of individuals, the biomass of natural regeneration, and the damage to the remaining trees 2 months after logging. The impact of these changes on carbon stock was estimated. The study was carried out in the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil, where two areas of small-scale forest management and one control were evaluated. Average total carbon stock previous to logging was estimated at 161.25 ± 9.66 MgC ha^?1. Two months after logging, reductions were found of 3% in one managed area (MA1) and 8.3% in the other (MA3), including the carbon stock from the harvested timber. For each harvested tree, the logging caused damage to 12 trees in MA1 and four trees in MA3. The reductions in carbon stock and number of trees damaged per harvested tree were less than the reductions found for higher impact forest management and other experiences in community forest management. No significant alteration was found in the carbon stock of natural regeneration. However, there was an increase in the number of individuals, both in the logged areas and in their respective control areas.     

基层农业科研单位若干重要问题研究

文章以信阳市农业科学院为例,阐述了基层农科院具有科研层次的基础性、组织宗旨的公益性等性质,指出了基层农科院的发展目标,分析了基层农科院的凝聚行业科技人才、繁荣区域农业科技、引领地方农业发展等功能,并列举了基层农科院的科研方向、科研目标和科研路径等,旨在推动基层农业科研单位科研事业的快速发展。     

论农业科研单位档案信息化管理与创新

随着当今社会信息化的快速发展,档案管理的重心也开始向信息化、现代化转移。文章分析了农业科研单位档案管理工作的现状,阐述了实现农业科研档案信息化的意义,并提出了促进农业科研档案管理信息化建设的对策,如设计科学高效的数据库管理系统、确立档案信息化建设的标准、制定信息化管理的安全防范机制等,以更好地发挥农业科研档案在科技成果转化和推广应用中的促进作用。     

新形势下农业科研单位与所办企业关系的变革与创新

新形势下,如何处理农业科研单位与所办企业之间的关系是科技体制改革面临的重要问题。文章指出当前两者之间的关系与国家科技创新体系要求不符合,指明了农业科研单位与所办企业关系的改革方向,即农业科研单位剥离非公益职能、所办企业建立现代企业制度等,并提出了建立直接收益激励机制、创新农业科研单位的存在模式、建立人才激励机制等促进农业科研单位和所办企业共同发展的建议。