肠道激素和食欲的关系

食欲的调控涉及到中枢和外周神经系统和内分泌系统。最近的研究结果显示一些消化道激素(ghre lin、神经肽YY、胰多肽、GLP-1和胃泌酸调节素)在有下丘脑调控的食欲过程中扮演一定的生理角色。这表明消化道激素食欲调控系统可能是研发抗肥胖病药物以及调节动物食欲的一个有潜力的对象。     

干奶期不同能量水平对奶牛血中神经肽 Y和生长激素浓度的影响

将健康围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组．预产前28d按奶牛营养需要分别饲喂100％、120％、80％能量日粮，产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准的产奶日粮，至产后56d结束，观测干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康奶牛血中神经肽Y和生长激素浓度的影响。结果表明，干奶期低能量日粮饲喂，奶牛血中神经肽和生长激素浓度均高于其他2组，从产前14d至产后28d组间差异显著（P〈0.01；P〈0.05），提示低能量饲料饲喂干奶期奶牛，产后能量负平衡得到缓解。     

葡萄实生树开花节位与内源激素变化的关系

 采用酶联免疫法( ELISA) 分析了巨峰葡萄2年生自然实生树不同节位芽中内源赤霉素(GA₃和GA_{4 + 7} ) 、吲哚乙酸( IAA) 、脱落酸(ABA) 、玉米素核苷(ZR) 和异戊基腺嘌呤( iPA) 的含量; 并对实生树自然条件下最低成花节位进行了调查。结果表明, 2年生巨峰实生树在20节左右进入生殖生长阶段, GA₃和GA_{4 + 7}的含量随着节位升高而降低, ABA的含量却急剧增加, 但在第31～35节又降到很低;ABA /GA₃和ABA /GA_{4 + 7}在16～20 节前变化不大, 而在此之后, 都一致表现出上升的趋势, 这反映了以GA₃或GA_{4 + 7}为基数的比值, 可以更明显地反应激素的变化及其与巨峰葡萄阶段转变的关系。     

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced secretion of cortisol in goats is inhibited by androgen

In a previous study, it was found that there are sex differences in goats with respect to the levels of cortisol secretion induced by transportation stress. We also found that treatment of castrated male goats with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppressed the increase in plasma cortisol concentration following transportation, but did not suppress the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This suggests that androgen might block ACTH ‐ induced cortisol secretion. In order to examine this hypothesis, the effects of androgen on ACTH‐induced cortisol secretion in goats were investigated. First, castrated male goats were treated with testosterone (T), DHT or cholesterol (cho) for 21–25 days. Cho was used as a control for T and DHT treatment. Then, plasma cortisol concentrations were compared among the hormonal treatments after ACTH injection. Subsequently, the distribution of androgen receptors in the caprine adrenal gland was investigated. There were no differences in the basal cortisol concentrations among the hormonal treatments. However, plasma cortisol concentrations after ACTH injection were significantly lower in T ‐ and DHT ‐ treated goats than in cho ‐ treated goats. Androgen receptors were present in 60% of the cells in the zonae fasciculata and reticularis of the adrenal cortex, the regions that secrete glucocorticoids. These results suggest that androgen may act directly on the adrenal cortex to suppress cortisol secretion induced by ACTH.     

A comparative study of the metabolic effects of hypertrehalosemic hormone and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Several effects of hypertrehalosemic hormone (Peram-HTH) have been compared with the action of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The data show that both agents stimulate respiration while maintaining an R.Q. of approximately 1. The action of γ-HCH differs from that of Peram-HTH-I in that it promotes oxidation of large amounts of soluble carbohydrate. Recent studies show that Peram-HTH-I has an equally potent stimulatory effect on lipid deposition in the fat body and on the release of trehalose from the same tissue. It is of interest that γ-HCH not only increases triacylglycerol accumulation in the fatγ body but that this effect is more pronounced if the γ-HCH is applied to the ventral surface of the mesothorax. γ-HCH also depleted whole body glycoprotein and glycolipid whereas Peram-HTH-I had no effect on glycoprotein but increased that of glycolipid. It is clear that γ-HCH causes complex disruptions to the metabolism of the insect, many of which are related to the release of hormones. The study supports the idea that certain actions of γ-HCH are mediated through the release of Peram-HTH-I.     

不同激素处理富源本地黄牛与短本杂一代黄牛同期发情试验

为了比较不同品种的黄牛用不同激素处理后的同期发情效果,以筛选出适合本地不同牛群及环境的较优杂交方案.将137头健康空怀黄母牛(其中本地黄母牛72头,短本杂一代黄母牛65头)分为4个组,第1、2组为本地黄母牛,第3、4组为短本杂一代黄母牛,分别用2种不同的方法进行同期发情处理.第1、3组注射三合激素;第2、4组注射促排3号-氯前列烯醇-促排3号.结果表明,第1组、第2组、第3组、第4组经不同的激素处理后,发情率分别为59.38%、87.5%、58.62%、86.11%,第2组的发情率显著高于第1组(P＜0.05),第4组的发情率显著高于第3组(P＜0.05),而第1组和第3组、第2组和第4组的发情率差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果提示发情率的高低与品种的相关性不大,促排3号-氯前列烯醇-促排3号可能是较适合富源黄母牛的同期发情方案.     

鸭生长激素(GH)基因编码区及调控区多态性分析

根据鸭生长激素基因编码区及调控区的序列设计8对引物,利用PCR-SSCP方法对北京鸭、西湖野鸭、樱桃谷鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭、荆江鸭、绍兴鸭、缙云麻鸭等8个鸭种进行单核苷酸多态性分析。结果共发现3个突变位点,分别为230处（C→G）、244处（C→A）和3 701处（C→T）。前两处突变位于5′调控区,3 701处突变位于编码区第4外显子,但该编码区的突变是沉默突变,3′调控区表现了高度的保守性。统计结果发现：⑴在5′调控区基因座上,金定鸭的等位基因B频率显著高于其他品种;⑵在外显子4基因座上,基因型频率的分布与品种有关,且肉用型鸭的CC基因型频率显著高于蛋用型。可以推测,本研究所检测到的基因座可能与生产性能相关。     

促生长激素释放肽-2对雅南生长猪生产性能、胴体性状和血液生化指标的影响

试验研究注射促生长激素释放肽(GHRP-2)对雅南猪生产性能、胴体性状和血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,试验组隔天肌肉注射20μg/kg BW GHRP-2,对照组隔天注射同等剂量的生理盐水。试验期为4周。结果表明:与对照组相比,注射20μg/kgBW GHRP-2显著提高了蛋白质的消化利用率和血清中总蛋白的水平;有提高日增重、饲料转化率的趋势,但不影响日采食量;对猪胴体性状没有明显影响。     

合肥野生动物园5种雉鸡接种新城疫疫苗后抗体水平测定

选择成年白冠长尾雉5只,白腹锦鸡5只,白鹇3只,红腹锦鸡3只和孔雀11只,同时用L系弱毒冻干苗和新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗进行免疫接种,通过血凝抑制试验(HI)测定其抗体滴度.结果表明,在免疫接种后26 d,白冠长尾雉抗体效价为9.8log2,白腹锦鸡为8.0log2,白鹇为8.0log2,红腹锦鸡为10.7log2;孔雀在免疫后接种0、8、15、20、25 d,抗体水平分别为3.8log2、5.0log2、6.2log2、7.5log2及8.2log2.     

Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits

Current year shoot cuttings were collected in October and August from three growth habits of peach (Compact, Pillar, and Standard) and treated with one of four concentrations of indole butyric acid (0, 250, 1250, and 2500 mg L⁻¹ IBA). Rooting response was measured after 5 weeks in the greenhouse. Little or no rooting occurred with cuttings from any growth habit that was collected in October or in August when treated with 0 and 2500 mg L⁻¹ IBA. In August, the number of shoots that rooted was greater in cuttings from Pillar (79 and 45%) than Compact (13 and 3%) treated with 250 and 1250 mg L⁻¹ IBA, respectively. Cuttings from Standard trees had intermediate rooting of 56 and 6% at 250 and 1250 mg L⁻¹ IBA, respectively. Pillar trees consistently grew more roots with greater root length per cutting than the other growth habits. It is proposed that differences in rooting response among the growth habits may be associated with differences in endogenous auxin concentration that had been found in previous studies. Within peach and possibly other fruit trees, the capacity of shoot cuttings to develop adventitious roots can vary by cultivar and successful root induction with exogenous plant growth regulators may depend, in part, on endogenous hormone levels.