菹草种群内外溶解氧空间分布日变化研究

溶解氧(DO)是衡量水体污染程度的重要指标,为研究菹草种群生长对湖泊水体水质的影响,对南京玄武湖菹草种群内外水体DO含量进行了连续一昼夜的监测,结果表明菹草种群光合作用对水体DO影响显著。时间分布上,种群区水体DO日出后增加,日落后下降,水下20～80cm19:30左右出现1次下降现象,稍后略有恢复,其后持续降至日出前后,而较深的100cm处无此现象;开阔水域日出后持续升高至日落,日落后下降直至日出前后,且各深度差异不大;交界处呈现种群内的特点,同时具有开阔水域变化趋势。垂直分布上,种群区白天从表层向底层逐渐递减,夜间20～40cm处较低,100cm处也较低,60～80cm处较高;而离种群较远的开阔水域昼夜均从表层向底层递减,离种群较近的开阔水域因水深较浅,各深度差异不大;交界处昼夜均从表层向底层递减。水平分布上,种群内侧点各水深处各时刻始终最高,20～40cm深离开阔水域较近种群外侧点最低;60cm深白天离开阔水域较近种群外侧点最低,夜间交界处最低;80cm深交界处最低;100cm深夜间从种群内侧向开阔水域依次降低,白天规律性不明显。菹草种群对提高水体DO起到积极作用,并对周围水域有一定的影响。     

高校横向科研项目的发展形势及建议

通过研究高校横向科研项目目前的发展形势及横向科研项目的特点,提出横向科研项目发展的建议,以供参考。     

基于水流模型的串联式水平潜流湿地除磷效果分析

为了探究串联式水平潜流湿地内部水流规律及其对水禽污水的处理效果,对三级串联式水平潜流湿地运行效果进行了连续监测,分析了单位面积总磷(total phosphorus,TP)去除率月变化,进水流量和水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)对出水TP质量浓度的影响,并通过推流式反应器模型(plug-flow,PF)、扩散流模型(dispersed-flow,DF)和串联反应器模型(tanks-in-series,TIS)对水流形态进行了描述。结果表明:单位面积磷去除率随处理单元(P1,P2,P3)增加而降低(P1:(0.11±0.09)g/(m2·d)、P2:(0.08±0.03)g/(m2·d)、P3:(0.05±0.01)g/(m2·d));进水流量小于55 m3/d时,增加进水流量可提高P1单位面积去除率,但会降低P2和P3单位面积去除率,P2和P3在HRT85 d时对HRT具有较强敏感性,各处理单元最佳进水流量和HRT分别为P1:55 m3/d,166 d;P2:3.4 m3/d,151 d;P3:9.5 m3/d,176 d;P1在6月单位面积TP去除量大于释放量,P2和P3在7月-9月均存在TP净释放过程;P1(k:0.663~0.751 cm/d)理化环境较P2(k:0.641~0.722 cm/d)和P3(k:0.429~0.458 cm/d)更有利于除磷;TIS模型(R2:0.567~0.883,P0.05)对出水质量浓度的拟合大于DF(R2:0.510~0.723,P0.05)和PF模型(R2:0.465~0.626,P0.05),表明实际水流形态更接近混合流。该研究对于深化水平潜流湿地内部水流规律认识,全面了解不同运作下磷迁移转化机制提供参考。     

The left lateral projection is comparable to horizontal beam radiography for identifying experimental small volume pneumoperitoneum in the canine abdomen

Nontraumatic spontaneous pneumoperitoneum suggests the presence of gastrointestinal perforation; early detection can be lifesaving. Horizontal beam projections have been reported to be more sensitive than standard radiographic views for detecting small volumes of free peritoneal gas. This prospective, experimental, analytical study compared both left lateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) standard views to horizontal beam projections for detecting small volumes of artificially induced pneumoperitoneum in live dogs. The effect of radiology training on accurate detection of small amounts of free peritoneal air was also assessed. Fourteen dogs had four radiographic projections taken after injection of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mL of cumulative air into their abdominal cavities. Radiographs were interpreted individually by three American College of Veterinary Radiology‐certified radiologists and three small animal internship‐trained veterinarians who were blinded to the air volume injected. At 2.5 and 10 mL of air injected, the LL projection had highest odds of an accurate response (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4 and 99.0 when compared to VD horizontal and VD projections, respectively). At 5 mL of air injected, the lateral horizontal (LH) projection had the highest odds of an accurate response (OR = 3.2 compared to VD horizontal). The LL projection was not significantly different from the LH projection at all volumes of air injected. Board certification led to higher odds of accurate responses at volumes of 5 (OR = 2.2) and 10 mL (OR = 3.6), as compared to nonspecialist veterinarians. Overall, LH and standard LL appeared to be the most useful radiographic projections for detection of small amounts of free peritoneal gas.     

Radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) axial and appendicular skeleton

Cockatiels are popular pets. Still, despite medical and surgical relevance, the radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) skeleton, like that of different wild and exotic bird species, has seldom been described. This study set out to describe the radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel skeleton. Twelve adult male and nine adult female specimens were radiographed using a digital X-ray system and different views. The radiographic anatomy of these birds was similar to that of other Psittacidae. However, some particularities inherent to the target species were detected, such as the presence of four flexion zones in the skull (craniofacial, nasal, jugal arch and palatine), complete bony orbit comprising a suborbital arch, 34–38 vertebrae (10 or 11 cervical, 8 or 9 thoracic, 9 or 10 lumbosacral, 5 or 6 caudal vertebrae and a pygostyle comprising 2 fused vertebrae), eight or nine pairs of ribs and a notarium made up of fused T2–T6 vertebrae. Poor radiopacity of the notarium, ribs and respective uncinate processes, and synsacral vertebrae made demarcation of these structures difficult. The appendicular skeleton of the cockatiel was very similar to that of other Psittacidae, and there were no gender-related differences.     

TLD对高层建筑减振作用的三维数值模拟

主要讨论TLD水箱中液体三维非线性晃动对高层建筑减振作用的影响,为TLD的实际应用提供理论依据。通过ALE方法和CEL算法分别建立二维流固耦合模型和三维流固耦合模型,对比分析二维有控模型和三维有控模型在相同地震波作用下的结构顶层位移结果;根据工程需要,对实际TLD-结构体系施加双向水平地震波,以设置TLD前后建筑结构的顶层位移和基底剪力为指标判断TLD的减振效果。计算结果表明,TLD对结构位移反应的控制是有效的,减振率可达10%左右;当地震波的卓越周期接近结构的一阶自振周期时,减振效果最好,减振率最大可达20%左右;由于增设TLD装置导致的结构总质量增加不仅不会增大基底剪力,反而进一步减小了总的基底剪力。数值计算结果表明:利用高位水箱TLD进行振动控制是可行的。     

双轴卧式和面机的和面效果及其对面条质量的影响

为了明确和面速度和搅拌杆构型不同的双轴卧式和面机的和面效果及其对面条质量的影响,该研究以3种小麦粉（高筋一等粉、富强粉、上白粉）为材料,采用550型棒状杆恒速和面机和765型角度桨叶状搅拌杆调速和面机和面,比较分析和面效果和面条质量。结果表明,2种类型和面机的和面效果存在较大差异,对面条质量有较大影响。与550型棒状杆恒速和面机相比,765型调速和面机制作的面絮胚粒大小中等、大颗粒（粒径≥4000μm）胚粒比例明显较低;复合后的面坯色泽均匀,鲜面条拉伸特性较好,且熟面条硬度较大、耐咀嚼。765型和面机采用2种不同的和面参数,即高速和低速搅拌的时间组合不同,得到的和面效果也不相同。和面方式Ⅱ（高速和面300 s、低速和面480 s）制作的面絮颗粒相对偏小,面坯较厚、更为亮白,而熟面条的回复性弱于和面方式Ⅲ（高速和面500 s、低速和面280 s）。研究结果表明,不同品质的面粉应选择不同的和面方式,面筋质量高且颗粒度大的高筋一等粉适合高速搅拌时间较长的和面方式Ⅲ,制作的鲜面条拉伸阻力和熟面条硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性、回复性均显著大于搅拌强度较小的和面方式Ⅱ。     

新型液体环氧涂料在PE层划伤修复中的应用

在管道定向钻穿越的回拖过程中,针对抢修聚乙烯涂层的连续性长距离严重划伤问题,对比分析了热缩带修补方案和新型双组分液体环氧涂料修补方案,结果表明,在材料成本、抢修时间、使用效果等方面,新型双组分液体环氧涂料方案均优于热缩带修补方案。     

定向钻穿越回拖管道径向变形原因分析

针对庆铁老线嫩江定向钻穿越回拖时管子发生径向变形问题,对管子变形、设计参数和施工过程进行了分析,认为设计选取的管子壁厚偏薄以及施工中可能存在不可预见的外力等因素是造成管子变形的主要原因,指出应根据穿越的深度和地质情况,采取增加管子壁厚、限制回拖的泥浆压力等措施,以确保管道设计的安全可靠。     

烟草辊压法薄片辅料配比与薄片质量的关系

通过烟草薄片辅料配比的多因子试验设计,研究了薄片辅料与薄片各项质量指标的关系,以期找出适合的配比参数。正交试验结果表明,CMC及薄片胶的掺配比例是影响薄片物理指标的主要因素,薄片辅料的最佳掺配比例分别为CMC:3%;薄片胶:10%;木浆:1.5%。在此配方下,薄片的物理指标较好,生产成本较低。薄片物理指标并非越高越好,企业在生产过程中应综合考虑经济指标,满足工艺指标要求下的最小成本。