锂基膨润土基铸型涂料

本文就锂基膨润土基铸型涂料的制备及其性能进行研究，指出锂基膨润土作铸型快干涂料的悬浮剂，具有价廉、性能好、涂层质量高等优点。     

新型高铝锌合金挤压铸造的研究

挤压铸造可细化Ｚｎ－Ａｌ４３型合金的铸态组织、减轻枝晶偏析、大幅度提高其力学性能，抗拉强度提高４０～８０％（１００～１５０ＭＰａ），延伸率提高至１０％以上，合金的耐磨性亦进一步提高．挤压铸造对合金组织的影响与凝固冷却速度的加快以及合金的平衡凝固温度升高有关，合金塑性、韧性显著改善的首要原因是枝晶间显微缩孔的消除，而合金强度的提高则主要是过饱和固溶体中的脱溶过程导致沉淀硬化与分散硬化的结果．     

质点在水平圆盘抛离后的运动分析

建立了考虑空气阻力 R_B 的影响时质点在水平圆盘抛离后的运动微分方程并求得其解。可作为某些农业机械工作部件性能设计的理论基础。     

Demonstration of inflammatory cell population changes in rat lungs in response to intratracheal instillation of spring wheat dust using lung enzymatic digestion and centrifugal elutriation

The inhalation of grain dust by grain workers is responsible for a large number of pulmonary pathophysiologies. These problems may be acute or chronic and may be mediated by the chronic activation of the immune system. Constant inflammatory states in the lung may eventually lead to tissue damage and respiratory deficit. This study was designed to measure the changes in the relative number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar spaces, and lung interstitium that occur in response to intratracheally instilled airborne spring wheat dust in rats. It was found that 6h after instillation with dust, neutrophils were present in greater numbers in the blood and bronchoalveolar spaces than in lung interstitium. After 24h, there appeared to be a larger number of neutrophils in the lung interstitium in dust-instilled animals than in saline-instilled controls. These results indicate that intratracheal instillation of grain dust initiates an acute inflammatory reaction, and that there is an initial influx of neutrophils into the air spaces of the lung followed by transit of these cells into the lung interstitium.     

Appresoorium formation of Puccinia hordei on partially resistant barley and two non-host species

One of the components of partial resistance of barley to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei, is a reduced infectibility. It was investigated whether this low infectibility may rest on a hampered appressorium formation of the leaf rust fungus. The appressorium formation on the primary leaves of 11 barley genotypes with an intermediate-to-low infectibility was compared with that on the highly infectible L94. The number of stomata per cm² leaf area occupied by appressoria ofP. hordei was determined per genotype by means of fluorescence microscopy. No cosistent differences could be detected, indicating that the mechanisms causing a low infectibility of partially resistant barley seedlings act at a phase later than the formation of the appressoria. On the non-host wheat not fewer appressoria were formed than on L94, but no appressoria were found on a lettuce genotype. The latter probably lacks the stimuli that enable the fungus to find stomata.Samenvatting Eén van de componenten van partiële resistentie van gerst tegen dwergroest,Puccinia hordei, is een verminderde infectiedichtheid. Het mechanisme, dat hieraan ten grondslag ligt, is onbekend. Een experiment werd uitgevoerd om na te gaan of bij partieel resistente rassen een verminderde appressoriumvorming optreedt. Na inoculatie in een inoculatietoren en een zorgvuldig uitgevoerde incubatie werd het aantal huidmondjes per cm² bladoppervlak bepaald dat bezet was door appressoria vanP. hordei. De elf weinig vatbare gerstlijnen uit deze studie bleken niet reproduceerbaar te verschillen van de zeer vatbare gerstlijn L94 in de mate van appressoriumbezetting. Dit wijst erop dat infectiedichtheidsverschillen t.g.v. partiële resistentie veroorzaakt worden door mechanismen die werken na de appressoriumvorming. In een tweede experiment werd aangetoond dat zelfs op de niet-waardsoort tarwe, waaropP. hordei geen symptomen veroorzaakt, niet minder appressoria worden gevormd dan op L94. Op een sla-genotype trad echter geen appressoriumvorming op. Op deze laatste niet-waardsoort ontbreken waarschijnlijk de stimuli die de schimmel in staat stellen huidmondjes te vinden.     

卧式储油罐变位与罐容表标定的问题

将储油罐变位分解为横向移位和纵向倾斜,并设横向偏转角度β,纵向倾斜角度α,根据几何关系研究了卧式储油罐的变位识别。横向移位分析包括油平面高于、低于、处于中层面3种情况;将储油罐分为两侧球冠体和中间圆柱体两部分进行纵向倾斜分析,圆柱体部分针对右侧油面是否接触圆柱体侧壁分为5种情况进行讨论,而球冠体部分分别将两侧球冠体分为左上、左下和右上、右下两部分进行讨论,并建立了储油罐储油量与罐位高度对应关系的微积分数学模型。结合实测数据,利用最小二乘法确定了实际情况下的α和β值,给出了相应罐位高度的罐容表标定值,验证分析了模型的正确性和可靠性。     

离心式压缩机喘振原因及其预防措施

喘振是离心式压缩机在流量减少到一定程度时发生的一种非正常工况下的振动现象,描述了离心式压缩机组喘振发生的物理过程,深入分析并研究了喘振产生的各种原因。机组喘振对天然气管道的生产运行产生诸多危害,例如:损坏密封、O形环等压缩机零部件,损伤压缩机动叶、轴承和环油密封系统,破坏压缩机各部分原有的间隙值并引起轴的变形,可能使某些仪表失灵或准确性降低。结合生产实际,给出了从生产运行方面防止喘振发生的措施:加宽稳定运行工况区,增加工艺气到压缩机进口的气体流量,控制启停机进程,降低压缩机的压比,降低机组转速,避免机组运行工况点频繁接近安全线等。     

多风道仓房储存偏高水分粮降水控温安全度夏试验

通过在高大平房仓原有6条通风道基础上增加4条地上竹笼风道,提高粮堆通风降温降水均匀性,夏季采用机械制冷合理控制粮堆温度,实现了偏高水分粮食安全储藏,为今后高水分粮安全储藏探索出一个有效方法。     

北京山区主要针叶林可燃物空间连续性研究——可燃物水平连续性与树冠火蔓延

以北京市山区主要针叶林(侧柏林和油松林)为研究对象,通过对林分树冠可燃物的负荷量、结构、理化性质及火行为特征进行分析,建立了树冠可燃物水平连续性指数D和评估等级,并对侧柏林和油松林的可燃物水平连续性进行评估与分析。研究结果显示:可燃物负荷量对火蔓延速度的影响显著,随可燃物负荷量增大,火蔓延速度增加,增加幅度受到可燃物紧密度的影响;风速对火蔓延速度的影响十分明显,对可燃物水平连续性的影响程度大于坡度;相同风速下,油松林树冠火的蔓延速度大于侧柏林;侧柏林D的平均值为1.470(高度连续),油松林D的平均值为0.933(中度连续),侧柏林树冠火蔓延的危险性大于油松林,一旦发生火灾,侧柏林比油松林更容易形成大面积高强度树冠火;D的主要影响因素是针叶树种树冠负荷量及其空间分布,以及风速和坡度及其协同作用。     

霍林河下游洪泛区湿地土壤中铵态氮水平运移模拟研究

选择二百方子洪泛区湿地作为典型研究区,以NH4Cl为示踪剂,模拟研究了铵态氮在洪泛区湿地不同土层中的水平运移过程。结果表明,沼泽湿地土壤中铵态氮的运移通量随运移距离的增加呈一阶衰减指数变化;0-10cm土层中铵态氮的运移通量最小,20~60cm土层次之,10~20cm土层具有最高的铵态氮通量。各层土壤运移通量在0~6cm内最大,而后迅速下降,到18cm时3层土壤中铵态氮的运移通量相近并趋近于零。各层土壤中铵态氮的运移通量与土壤水扩散率及土壤含水量都呈一阶指数增长变化;在土壤水扩散率或土壤含水量达到一定数值前,铵态氮运移通量增长缓慢,之后则开始骤然增加。