A spatially-explicit method to assess the dry deposition of air pollution by urban forests in the city of Florence,Italy

Urban forests (UF) provide a range of important ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. Relevant ES delivered by UF include urban temperature regulation, runoff mitigation, noise reduction, recreation, and air purification. In this study the potential of air pollution removal by UF in the city of Florence (Italy) was investigated. Two main air pollutants were considered – particulate matter (PM₁₀) and tropospheric ozone (O₃) – with the aim of providing a methodological framework for mapping air pollutant removal by UF and assessing the percent removal of air pollutant.The distribution of UF was mapped by high spatial resolution remote sensing data and classified into seven forest categories. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was estimated spatially using a regression model between in-field LAI survey and Airborne Laser Scanning data and it was found to be in good linear agreement with estimates from ground-based measurements (R² = 0.88 and RMSE% = 11%). We applied pollution deposition equations by using pollution concentrations measured at urban monitoring stations and then estimated the pollutant removal potential of the UF: annual O₃ and PM₁₀ removal accounted for 77.9 t and 171.3 t, respectively. O₃ and PM₁₀ removal rates by evergreen broadleaves (16.1 and 27.3 g/m²), conifers (10.9 and 28.5 g/m²), and mixed evergreen species (15.8 and 31.7 g/m²) were higher than by deciduous broadleaf stands (4.1 and 10 g/m²). However, deciduous forests exhibited the largest total removal due to the high percentage of tree cover within the city. The present study confirms that UF play an important role in air purification in Mediterranean cities as they can remove monthly up to 5% of O₃ and 13% of PM₁₀.     

Simple method for extracting the seasonal signals of photochemical reflectance index and normalized difference vegetation index measured using a spectral reflectance sensor

A spectral reflectance sensor(SRS) fixed on the near-surface ground was developed to support the continuous monitoring of vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI). NDVI is useful for indicating crop growth/phenology, whereas PRI was developed for observing physiological conditions. Thus, the seasonal change patterns of NDVI and PRI are two valuable pieces of information in a crop-monitoring system. However, capturing the seasonal patterns is considered challenging because the vegetation index values estimated by the reflection from vegetation are often governed by meteorological conditions, such as solar irradiance and precipitation. Further, unlike growth/phenology, the physiological condition has diurnal changes as well as seasonal characteristics. This study proposed a novel filtering method for extracting the seasonal signals of SRS-based NDVI and PRI in paddy rice, barley, and garlic. First, the measurement accuracy of SRSs was compared with handheld spectrometers, and the R~2 values between the two devices were 0.96 and 0.81 for NDVI and PRI, respectively. Second, the experimental study of threshold criteria with respect to meteorological variables(i.e., insolation, cloudiness, sunshine duration, and precipitation) was conducted, and sunshine duration was the most useful one for excluding distorted values of the vegetation indices. After data processing based on sunshine duration, the R2 values between the measured vegetation indices and the extracted seasonal signals of vegetation indices increased by approximately 0.002–0.004(NDVI) and 0.065–0.298(PRI) on the three crops, and the seasonal signals of vegetation indices became noticeably improved. This method will contribute to an agricultural monitoring system by identifying the seasonal changes in crop growth and physiological conditions.     

非线性、分形与期锌市场价格

从非线性角度研究期锌市场，运用R/S分析法对期锌市场进行分析，发现期锌市场的Hurst指数为0.6183,其价格收益率序列是分维时间序列，具有分形结构，维数为1.6174。期锌市场的平均周期长度为176天，具有强持续性和相关性。关联系数为19.47%，远远大于国外相关市场。在风险方面，期锌市场的风险比期铜市场的要小，而比股票市场的风险要大。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的外贸发展状况的评价

以我国对外贸易的实际情况为基础，建立了评价外贸发展状况的一套指标体系.使用主成分分析方法对所有评价指标进行预处理之后，借助粒子群优化算法改进了BP神经网络算法，构建了外贸发展状况的评价模型.评价模型在具体应用中，评价结果较为准确，具有一定的科学性和合理性.     

基于企业社会责任的可持续供应链风险评价——以汽车行业为例

现代企业的竞争由企业间品牌竞争转向为供应链之间的竞争，可持续供应链管理中企业承担社会责任，是提高企业竞争优势、顺应社会责任指南标准化趋势的必然要求。可持续供应链中企业社会责任的复杂性、因果关系暧昧性和历史变化性使得社会责任实践存在一些困难。为了对可持续供应链管理中企业的社会责任进行有效治理，我们得在可持续供应链中纳入企业社会责任共同治理标准，对企业社会责任进行风险评价、监督与管理。     

Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Anticoccidial Activities of a Compound Chinese Medicine

Quality control and screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicines have been performed using fingerprint analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and efficacy of herbal drugs is considered as a potentially useful method for determining active ingredients in complex mixtures. The study was designed to develop a method for determining the bioactive components of a compound Chinese medicine called Tiefeng based on spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints and anticoccidial activities. Four peaks of the established HPLC fingerprint indicate the main bioactive components of this medicine. In addition, pharrnacodynamic atlas was defined and used to assess the anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng from different sources for the first time. We found that the level of anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng was consistent with the degree of similarity between the pharmacodynamic atlas and chromatogram of any sample. Furthermore, effect of this medicine was related with the main active constituents, along with the origin and the harvesting time.     

Preparation of Atherosclerosis Model Using Guangxi Bama Mini-pig

The atherosclerosis (AS) model was prepared in Guangxi Bama mini-pig,and the atherosclerosis index (AI) was preliminarily identified in occurrence of AS to provide the basis for the preparation of related models.20 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into control group and experimental group which were fed with high fat and cholesterol diet to prepare the AS model.Blood biochemical indexes were detected in the process of model preparation and the correlation between AI and the results of vascular slices was analyzed to initially draw up AI of AS.The results of vascular slices showed that the incidence rates of AS of Guangxi Bama mini-pigs in experimental group and control group were 20% and 0,respectively.The association analysis between the results of vascular slices and AI in the pathogenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs preliminarily suggested that AI was above 3.8 and lasted for more than 3 months during the attack.     

基于熵算法的股票指数高频数据复杂度测算与评价

在日内高频环境下检验基于兼容法的柯尔莫哥洛夫熵、样本熵和模糊熵等复杂度测算方法对我国沪深300股票指数的测算效率，并运用筛选后的有效算法分阶段研究和比较了序列复杂度的变化过程与变化幅度.结果表明，模糊熵算法是一种更适用于我国沪深300股票指数的有效复杂度测算方法，其对相似容忍度的敏感性更低，测度值连续性更好.随时间推移，我国沪深300股票指数复杂度整体呈上升趋势,而相较于发达市场甚至周边新兴市场其复杂度偏低.     

建设用地集约利用评价指标的权重确定方法研究

基于建设用地集约利用评价指标,应用文献统计法和综合分析法,阐述了中国建设用地及建设用地集约利用评价指标权重赋权方法的现状,着重研究了各种权重确定方法在建设用地集约评价中的实践应用,并对其进行总结和讨论,探讨了建设用地集约利用评价指标权重确定方法的发展趋势.     

大白菜花青素含量及色差指标相关性研究

为了探寻大白菜花青素含量快速测定的方法,本文利用pH差计法和色差仪分别测定了‘城阳青’(普通大白菜)、‘秋宝黄’(黄心白菜)和‘彩凤’3个不同叶色大白菜品种花青素含量以及色差指标,并对6个色泽参数与花青素含量进行了相关和回归分析。结果表明:6个色泽参数均能反映白菜叶片间叶色的细微变化,‘城阳青’和‘秋宝黄’不含花青素,紫色白菜‘彩凤’的花青素主要分布于由外向内的第1～4层叶片。色泽参数L,b,h和C分别与花青素含量呈极显著或显著负相关关系(相关系数分别为-0.85**,-0.58**,-0.49*,-0.58**)。以色泽参数值L、a、h与花青素含量建立了多元回归方程:y=90.24-1.07x1+5.65x2-142.71x3(x1为L值,x2为a值,x3为h值,y为花青素含量),该回归方程相关系数为0.9629。通过色差计依据建立的回归方程可快速测定紫色大白菜花青素的含量。