压缩-热处理联合改性对杨木尺寸稳定性的影响

为改善杨木质软、强度低的特点,同时提高其尺寸稳定性,首先对杨木试样进行压缩处理,再进行热处理,并检测压缩杨木和热处理压缩杨木的吸湿、吸水膨胀率.结果表明:压缩率愈大,压缩杨木试样厚度方向和体积膨胀率愈大;经热处理后,试样的尺寸稳定性明显提高.     

Distribution of biomass and carbon in even‐aged stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.): A case study on spacing and thinning effects in northern Denmark

The main objective of this case study was to explore the possible influence of forest management on the levels and distribution of biomass and carbon (C) in even-aged stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in Denmark. Data originated from a long-term thinning experiment and an adjacent spacing experiment at stand ages of 58 and 41 years, respectively. Biomass of 16 trees from different thinning and spacing treatments was measured or partly estimated, and soils were sampled for determination of C stocks. All trees in each plot were measured for stem diameter and some for total height, to allow for scaling-up results to stand-level estimates. For trees of similar size, foliage biomass tended to be higher in the spacing experiment, which was located on slightly more fertile land. Foliage biomass increased with increasing thinning grade, but the effect could not be separated from that of tree size. At stand level, foliage biomass tended to increase with increasing spacing as well as with increasing thinning grade. For branchwood, stems and roots (including below-ground stump), the biomass increased with increasing tree size and stand volume at tree and stand level, respectively, but no differences between stands, spacings or thinning grades were observed, apart from that expressed by tree size or stand volume. At stand level, C stocks of all biomass compartments decreased with increasing thinning grade, while the distribution between compartments was hardly influenced. The ratio between above-ground and stem biomass was about 1.21 at stand level, while the ratio between below- and above-ground biomass was about 0.17. Thinning influenced the C stock of the forest floor and mineral soil oppositely, resulting in no effect of thinning on total soil C.     

月季Rh-ADF1基因在花瓣扩展中响应乙烯的表达特性分析

 为探讨肌动蛋白解聚因子（actin depolymerizing factor,ADF）是否参与乙烯对月季花瓣细胞扩展的调节,以切花月季‘Samantha’为试材,从花瓣中分离到响应乙烯的ADF基因,并将其命名为Rh-ADF1,在GenBank中的登录号为JN048105。推定的氨基酸序列分析表明,Rh-ADF1的开放阅读框长度为423 bp,编码140个氨基酸。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,Rh-ADF1在花朵的各个器官中均有表达,在花瓣中略高于其他器官;该基因表达能够被乙烯处理强烈诱导升高,被乙烯作用抑制剂1-MCP（1-Methylcyclopropene）处理明显降低。在洋葱表皮细胞中进行的瞬时表达分析表明,Rh-ADF1蛋白分布在整个细胞中,主要与actin组成的微丝网络结合。据此推测,Rh-ADF1基因在转录水平上参与乙烯对花瓣扩展的调节,乙烯可能通过Rh-ADF1基因调控了花瓣细胞骨架的动态变化,进而影响花瓣细胞扩展和形态变化。     

路面基层中粉煤灰SO3含量超标的危害及防治对策

石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石基层松散从而导致沥青路面结构开裂、起拱,经分析是由于基层中粉煤灰原材料SO3含量偏高,遇水后产生化学反应造成结构体积膨胀,最终导致基层和面层整体破坏。本文进一步分析粉煤灰原材料SO3含量偏高的原因,进而提出石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石结构原材料及施工过程的质量控制措施。     

园林绿化在城镇扩容中的发展与提高

发展与提高园林绿化建设,发挥其景观功能与生态性,保护与改善城市生态环境,防止城市扩容对环境的不利影响,有效改善日益严重的城市环境污染问题是现代城市建设的一个重要内容.当今,人们对人居环境提出更高的要求.在城镇扩容中,其园林规划要更加人性化、标准化,景观工程更加艺术化.     

城市不透水表面的梯度格局、演变驱动与景观优化

不透水表面扩张对城市生态系统的过程、功能、服务有显著影响,研究其演变规律对城市发展有重要意义。以南京市为研究区,基于2000—2020年土地利用数据,采用空间梯度分析与景观格局分析相结合的方法,沿城市中心向外设置等距辐射状梯度带,分析不透水表面时空分布和梯度变化特征,同时建立沿江、跨江样带,研究不透水表面扩张规模与方向演变背后的驱动机制,最终为南京市景观格局优化提供政策依据。结果表明：(1)不透水表面景观优势度沿梯度带逐渐降低,城市中心不透水表面高度集聚,外围城区是扩张的重点区域,耕地、林地、水域等景观面积缩减严重,景观格局变化剧烈,城郊区域保持低速稳定扩张。(2)地形地貌与河流水系显著影响不透水表面扩张方向,政策规划也起到一定的作用,经济发展、人口增长、产业结构优化影响不透水表面扩张规模。(3)南京市应从改善城市生活空间、转变城市发展模式、控制城市扩张规模3个方面对城市景观格局进行优化。     

热激对甜瓜未授粉子房培养胚珠膨大期内源激素的影响

为探究热激处理对甜瓜未授粉子房培养中胚珠膨大发育与内源激素的影响,以期为揭示胚珠膨大和单倍体培养的机理研究奠定基础。以热激和对照培养不同天数的甜瓜未受粉子房为试材,对胚珠膨大率进行动态监测,并采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS法测定顺式玉米素核糖核苷(CZR)、赤霉素3(GA3)、反式玉米素(ZT)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)及脱落酸(ABA)含量,并分析了这5种内源激素与胚珠膨大发育的关系。结果表明,与对照25 ℃室温培养相比,32 ℃热激处理4 d有利于胚珠的膨大及内源激素的积累,且在胚珠膨大期5种内源激素的变化趋势一致,均为递增。各内源激素间的比例关系处于动态变化中,且在整个膨大期,热激处理下IAA/(ZT+CZR)、IAA/ABA和IAA/GA3均较对照25 ℃室温培养高;胚珠膨大率与内源激素IAA呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.818,与ZT、CZR和ABA均呈显著正相关,与(ZT+CZR)/GA3呈显著负相关。     

Development of Rapid-hardening, Expansive, High-strength Grouting Mortar

In order to solve the problem that the cement-based anchoring material has low early-strength and its volume contracts obviously, it is necessary to develop anchoring material which has characteristics of early-strength, expansion, high strength etc. Based on the ettringite with characteristic of early strong and expansion, the properties of the grouting mortars modified with alunite and gypsum were studied. The results show that at early stage the expansion is rapid and expansion is stabilized at later stage. The setting time can be controlled in 0.5～1.5 hours, and compressive strength of 1 day and 3 days reaches 20 and 40Mpa, respectively. The micro-analysis shows that with the increase of curing-time there are plenty of expansive ettringite crystals and porosity decreases. The limit load test shows that the pullout force of 1metre sample at 14 days is 93 KN, which is larger than the average lever of 1.5～2 meters samples.     

Hidden Dangers on Linkage Control of Electrical Devices and Design Installation and Debugging of Power Supply and Distribution Underground Space

Linkage control of fire-fighting electrical equipment effectively and reasonable design, installation and debugging of power supply and distribution are increasingly important to ensure the safety of underground space. As the linkage control systems associated with the fire control electrical equipment are very complicated, and the distribution of installation and debugging are very professional, there are many hidden troubles of safety in the whole life cycle process. On the basis of analysis of characteristics of underground space of fire, underground fire-fighting electrical equipment and the requirement of power supply system are expounded, hidden dangers on linkage control of electrical devices and design installation and debugging of power supply and distribution underground space are analyzed, and some suggestions and countermeasures are provided for relevant departments as decision-making reference.     

Nitrogen Use at the Leaf and Canopy Level

Summary

This chapter reviews how N affects biomass production in a canopy by looking at its effects on radiation interception and radiation use efficiency, and the main processes behind them, i.e., leaf expansion, senescence and photosynthesis. Examples have been mostly drawn from extensive grain crops, but most of them extend to pastures or horticultural crops. Understanding the magnitude and dynamics of N demand and availability during critical periods for yield definition was identified as crucial to improve the efficiency of N use at the crop canopy level. Genetic variability in processes that could influence N use efficiency, and the complexity involved in scaling from cellular to crop level are discussed.