单板层积材热效应的表征

单板层积材具有强度性能变异系数小、抗蠕变和阻燃性能好的优点,但也存在一些缺点,如单板层积材使用过程中遇到的分层开裂等.该文针对其缺点,做了关于单板层积材热效应表征的理论分析和推导.设定单板层积材主要由铺层和界面组成,根据复合材料细观力学理论及胶层和单板的弹性力学性质,采用材料力学分析方法推导出铺层纵向、横向热膨胀系数,单板和胶层热应力,及界面纵向、横向热膨胀系数.为单板层积材的实际生产使用提供一定的依据.     

连云港城市扩展及其驱动力分析

利用多时相遥感影像、社会经济统计数据以及其他辅助资料,在基于遥感影像专题信息提取和GIS空间叠置分析技术的基础上对连云港市1978～2005年的城市扩展及其侵占周围土地的情况进行了系统的分析,并对连云港市扩展的驱动力进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,连云港的城市扩展很快,2005年的城市面积是1978年的4倍多,而且在不同的空间位置城市扩展的速度和规模也有较大的差异,城市扩展主要是侵占周边的优质农田.连云港市临海的地理位置和快速的经济发展决定着城市扩展的空间方位和速度,是城市扩展的主要驱动力.     

对东北原油管道安全隐患的几点看法

分析了东北原油管道在建设时期遗留的安全隐患,特别是钢管螺旋焊缝缺陷和管道对口环焊缝缺陷对管道安全的影响,认为在运行的管道上难以消除这些先天性焊缝缺陷隐患,提出了对东北原油管道安全技术改造的看法及应对措施。     

Improving ‘Bing’ sweet cherry fruit quality with plant growth regulators

Final fruit diameter is the prime determinant of sweet cherry fruit value. Previous research has shown that mesocarp cell size accounts predominantly for variability in final fruit size, within a genotype. Our research program evaluated the potential to improve sweet cherry fruit size/weight with growth regulators to affect cell division and/or cell expansion stages. In the current study we screened 8 plant growth regulators (PGRs), including cytokinins, gibberellins, and auxins, and their combinations for their ability to increase ‘Bing’ fruit weight. Each PGR was mixed in lanolin paste and applied to fruit pedicels at 9 or 30 days after full bloom (DAFB), to coincide with estimated peak in cell division and cell expansion activity, respectively. Several cytokinins applied 30 DAFB improved fruit weight significantly (ca. +15%) with N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) and 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine (mt-Topolin) at 100 mg l⁻¹ being the most effective. Gibberellins, applied alone, improved fruit size and delayed fruit maturation and exocarp coloration. GA₃ at 200 mg l⁻¹ applied at 9 DAFB was the most effective and improved final fruit weight by 15%. Fifty-six percent of the fruit from this treatment were ≥9 g compared to 15% of similar weight fruit from untreated limbs. Both GA₃ and GA_4/7 treatments applied 9 DAFB increased fruit radial expansion. 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic auxin, also stimulated higher fruit growth rates at stage I and stage II, and fruit color development, but did not improve final fruit size.     

时间分数阶扩散方程的并行高效Legendre谱方法

研究了两类时间分数阶扩散方程的并行高效Legendre谱方法,分数阶导数分别代替标准的扩散方程的二阶空间导数和一阶时间导数。空间方向采用高效的Legendre谱方法,时间方向使用了基于Fourier级数展开的Laplace数值逆,并对其参数进行了优化。给出了两类时间分数阶扩散程的数值格式和数值例子,与其他方法比,该方法数值结果更优。     

Monitoring the gravitational reflex of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor: A novel bioassay for assessing toxic effects of acaricides

We investigated the effect of several acaricides on Varroa destructor by monitoring the rhythmic expansion of the sternum, followed by a strong flexion of the legs, initiated when the mite was placed in a dorsal side-down position, as an indication of a mite’s vitality. The pulses generated by the force of the rhythmic expansions had an average duration of 3.11 s, force (amplitude) of 73 μN, and frequency of 0.228 Hz. These parameters remained constant for the first 10 h of recording, whilst significant changes occurred after 15 h. The rhythmic sternal expansion is an indication of a Varroa mite’s gravitational reflex, or attempt to return to an upright position; this reflex is observed in all invertebrates and vertebrates. The sternal expansion can be recorded for over 20 h, or for as long as the Varroa mite remains alive, and the expansion stops as soon as the mite is placed in a normal, upright position. Proper function of the chain of proprioceptors, interneurons, motorneurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles of Varroa is required for the initiation and maintenance of such a behavioural motor pattern. Any deleterious effect of synthetic chemicals or natural compounds (acaricides) may have a direct effect on one or more of these links, thereby disturbing or even inhibiting the reflex. Topical application of 1.81 × 10⁻³ mg/mite of amitraz completely inhibited the gravitational reflex within 60–70 min for all mites tested. The volatile acaricides formic acid (13.83 mg), thymol crystals (250 mg), and Apiguard® (1000 mg) eliminated the reflex within 10–35 min. This bioassay, based on the gravitational reflex, could be a useful tool for accurate assessment of the acaricidal action of numerous compounds under laboratory conditions, saving money and time necessary to conduct field trials.     

What genetics tell us about the conservation of the critically endangered Balearic Shearwater?

The Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus is one of the most critically endangered seabirds in the world. The species is endemic to the Balearic archipelago, and conservation concerns are the low number of breeding pairs, the low adult survival, and the possible hybridization with a sibling species, the morphologically smaller Yelkouan shearwater (P. yelkouan). We sampled almost the entire breeding range of the species and analyzed the genetic variation at two mitochondrial DNA regions. No genetic evidence of population decline was found. Despite the observed philopatry, we detected a weak population structure mainly due to connectivity among colonies higher than expected, but also to a Pleistocene demographic expansion. Some colonies showed a high imbalance between immigration and emigration rates, suggesting spatial heterogeneity in patch quality. Genetic evidence of maternal introgression from the sibling species was reinforced, but almost only in a peripheral colony and not followed, at least to date, by the spread of the introgressed mtDNA lineages. Morphometric differences were not correlated with mtDNA haplotypes and introgression is probably due to a secondary contact between the two species several generations ago. Overall, results suggested that the very recent demographic decline in this critically endangered species has not yet decreased its genetic variability, and connectivity found among most colonies should help to reduce species extinction risk. Spreading of introgression should be monitored, but the species is not jeopardized at the moment by genetic factors and the major conservation actions should concentrate at enhancing adult survival.     

温室黄瓜叶面积扩展与光合特性对土壤水分的响应研究

温室盆栽试验研究土壤水分对黄瓜叶面积扩展与光合特性的影响结果表明,黄瓜叶片扩展经历了指数生长(EG)、线性生长(LSG)和稳定生长(SCG)3个阶段。随土壤含水量的增加,叶面积(LA)显著增大,叶片生长速率(LGR)的最大值明显提前。叶片相对扩展速率(RER)在指数生长阶段迅速增加,但在线性生长和稳定生长阶段则逐渐减小。土壤含水量显著影响了叶片的扩展和光合特性。叶片生长进程中,叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)逐渐增加,处理间差异明显,不同水分处理的叶片净光合速率日变化均表现为单峰曲线,其表观量子效率(AQY)、羧化效率(CE)具有显著差异。     

50年来太湖水网地区城市化空间过程的监测与模拟 Ⅰ宜兴城区城市用地扩展的遥感监测

长期以来,由于历史数据的缺乏,很难获得解放后我国城市扩展的完整过程。本研究在遥感、地理信息系统技术支持下,采用7个时期的航空图片和卫星数据,分别对宜兴市194 9、196 6、1981、1984、1992、1996和2 0 0 0年的城区范围和耕地被占用情况进行监测。结果表明,5 0多年来宜兴城区面积从1 5km2 扩展到13 5km2 ,翻了3番多;城市扩展过程呈现两个阶段,即194 9～1984年的缓慢扩展阶段和1985～2 0 0 0年的快速扩展阶段,前一阶段年均扩展速度仅3% ,而后一阶段年均扩展速度达到2 1% ;各个时期城市扩展占用的土地中90 %以上是高质量的耕地,表明城市扩展成为耕地流失的主要因素之一。相关分析显示,城市扩展与工业发展关系最密切,工业发展为城区扩展提供了动力,而城区面积与第三产业比重的相关系数在三个产业中是最高的,表明宜兴城区成为该县第三产业的主要聚集地。从空间扩展过程来看,宜兴城区1984年以前沿着老城区零散填充式扩展,此后沿着公路快速扩展,并逐渐呈块状填充式扩展。由于宜兴处于苏南水网发达地区,水系严重制约了城市扩展的方向,而道路和桥梁建设则导引城市扩展方向     

基于GIS的山地城镇空间拓展土地适宜性评价——以大姚县为例

基于GIS技术,针对大姚县山地城镇的特点,从自然基础类、社会经济类、生态影响类3个角度共选取坡度、地质灾害、地基承载力、交通通达度、城镇区位、建设规划、生态因子、农田保护8个弹性因子和矿产压覆、生态敏感性2个刚性因子参与土地适宜性评价,采用层次分析法确定评价因子权重,运用数学模型方法,通过多因子叠加分析对城镇空间拓展土地适宜性进行评价,并将评价结果与土地利用总体规划数据进行比对.结果表明,评级结果可划分为4个等级,其中一等高度适宜建设区面积为521.83 km2,占总面积的12.94％;二等中度适宜建设区面积为911.81 km2,占总面积的22.62％;三等限制建设区面积为l 290.66 km2,占总面积的32.01％;四等禁止建设区面积为1 307.54 km2,占总面积的32.43％.大姚县龙街乡东北部地区、赵家店乡的东南部地区、县城金碧镇坝子周边、新街乡中部偏西地区可以作为该县近期城镇空间拓展区域.