Effects of lncRNA-GTL2 Transgenosis on Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice

This research was aimed to study whether the lncRNA would have effects on the structure and constitution of the intestinal microbial colonies in mice.High throughout sequencing was used to sequence and analyze the intestinal microbial colonies in both transgenic and non-transgenic mice of three months old.We conducted comparison and t-test at the level of phylum and genus.The result showed that transferred into long non-coding RNA genes GTL2 (lncRNA-GTL2),the mouse intestinal microbial colony structure and composition had no significant differences in the overall,within the same gender,but there were individual differences.Therefore,this study didn't find that long non-coding RNA transfered had a significant impact on the intestinal microflorain the phylum and genus level.     

Effects of thermo‐resistant non‐starch polysaccharide degrading multi‐enzyme on growth performance,meat quality,relative weights of body organs and blood profile in broiler chickens

This research was conducted to study the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with heat‐treated non‐starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme. A total of 432 one‐day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to five treatments: (i) CON (basal diet), (ii) E1: CON + 0.05% multi‐enzyme, (iii) E2: CON + 0.1% multi‐enzyme, (iv) E3: CON + 0.05% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme and (v) E4: CON + 0.1% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme, each treatment consisted of six replications and 12 chickens in each replication. The chickens were housed in three floor battery cages during 28‐day experimental period. On days 1–7, gain in body weight (BWG) improved by feeding the diets supplemented with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme. On days 7–21 and 1–28, chickens fed the diets containing thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed improved (p < 0.05) BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to CON group. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme affected the percentage of drip loss on d 1 (p < 0.05). Drip loss percentage on days 3 and 5 and also meat colour were not affected significantly. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme did not affect the relative weights of organs but compared to CON group, relative weight of breast muscle increased and abdominal fat decreased (p < 0.05). Among measured blood constituents, chickens fed supplemented diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed higher (p < 0.05) IgG. Counts of red and white blood cells and lymphocyte percentage were not affected. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that supplementing pelleted diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme improved performance of broiler chickens.     

Evaluation of finger weeder safety and efficacy for intra-row weed removal in irrigated field crops

Increased demand for pesticide-free food and the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations have created a need for non-chemical weed-control tools. A candidate mechanical tool for controlling weeds in the seeding line (intra-row zone) is the finger weeder. This study thus aimed to evaluate the safety and weed-control efficacy of the finger weeder in various irrigated field crops. Eight field trials were conducted in processing tomato, sweet corn, sunflower, cotton, and beetroot over 2 years. The finger weeder treatments were applied as the sole weed-control method (single or double treatments) and in combination with herbicides. A mini meta-analysis was used to evaluate the overall effect of the finger weeder treatments on crop stand and yield and on weed control efficacy. Weed density in the control not treated with herbicides nor a finger weeder ranged between 2 and 62 weeds m⁻². The finger weeder treatments resulted in a significant reduction in weed density, which ranged between 40% and 90%. The weed density following the double finger weeder treatment was not significantly different from that for the conventional herbicide-based treatment (p = 0.32) and could therefore be considered as an effective environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, a single FW treatment integrated with herbicide application gave better weed control than the conventional herbicide treatment (p = 0.04). This treatment was safe for the crops with no significant stand (p = 0.19) or yield (p = 0.29) reductions compared to commercial treatment. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of the finger weeder as an effective tool within integrated weed management systems for conventional agro-systems. The tool offers a rational weed-control solution for sustainable systems under irrigation.     

广东省稻菜轮作区中牛筋草对十种除草剂的抗性水平及靶基因序列分析

为明确广东省稻菜轮作区中牛筋草对10种常用除草剂的抗性水平及抗性分子机制,采用整株生物测定法测定广东省稻菜轮作区内8个牛筋草种群P1～P8对草甘膦、草铵膦和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACCase)抑制剂类等10种除草剂的抗性水平,并进一步分析P1和P8种群相关靶标酶基因5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase,EPSPS)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)和ACCase的部分功能区序列特征。结果显示,牛筋草P1～P8种群对草甘膦抗性指数为敏感种群的5.9倍～17.7倍,其中P8种群对草甘膦的抗性水平最高;8个种群对草铵膦也产生了不同程度的抗性,抗性指数为敏感种群的2.3倍～14.2倍,其中P1种群抗性最高。牛筋草P1和P8种群均对ACCase抑制剂类除草剂精喹禾灵、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺产生了交互抗性;P1种群ACCase基因在第2 041位氨基酸处发生突变,该突变在牛筋草种群中首次发现;而P8种群ACCase基因则在第2 027位氨基...     

Changes in the herbicide sensitivity and competitive ability of Abutilon theophrasti over 28 years: Implications for hormesis and weed evolution

BACKGROUND

The potential of weed species to respond to selection forces affecting the evolution of weedy traits such as competitive ability is poorly understood. This research characterized evolutionary growth changes in a single Abutilon theophrasti Medik. population comparing multiple generations collected from 1988 to 2016. A competition study was performed to understand changes in competitive ability, and a herbicide dose–response study was carried out to assess changes in sensitivity to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate over time.

RESULTS

When grown in monoculture, A. theophrasti biomass production per plant increased steadily across year-lines while leaf number decreased. In replacement experiments, A. theophrasti plants from newer year-lines were more competitive and produced more biomass and leaf area than the oldest year-line. No clear differences in sensitivity to imazamox were observed among year-lines. However, starting in 1995, this A. theophrasti population exhibited a progressive increase in growth in response to a sublethal dose of glyphosate (52 g a.e. ha⁻¹), with the 2009 and 2016 year-lines having more than 50% higher biomass than the nontreated control.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that weeds can rapidly evolve increased competitive ability. Furthermore, the results indicate the possibility of changes in glyphosate hormesis over time. These results highlight the importance of the role that rapid (i.e., subdecadal) evolution of growth traits might have on the sustainability of weed management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

对Bt毒蛋白不同抗性水平棉铃虫品系的生物学研究

用对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac)具有一定抗性水平的安阳品系和相对敏感的新疆品系棉铃虫进行Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac)的室内毒力测定结果表明,两品系的LC50值分别为8.7645g·L 1和0.2547g·L 1,前者是后者的34.4倍。用转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所29和常规棉花品种中棉所35蕾期的倒3叶饲养安阳品系和新疆品系棉铃虫的初孵幼虫(孵化后24h),结果表明:两个棉铃虫品系在取食抗虫棉后的累计校正死亡率在1～2d内差异不明显;新疆品系棉铃虫在转Bt基因抗虫棉上发育的最高龄期为4龄,其比率为6.7%;而安阳品系部分棉铃虫能够在转Bt基因抗虫棉上完成生长发育,其4龄幼虫的比率为45.5%,5、6龄幼虫的比率分别为12.6%和3.8%,有1.6%的幼虫能够正常化蛹;用常规棉棉叶饲养的安阳品系和新疆品系棉铃虫各龄幼虫的发育历期差异不显著,而用转Bt基因抗虫棉棉叶饲养的安阳品系棉铃虫幼虫的发育历期与新疆品系虽然差异不显著,但前者的发育历期均短于后者。     

Risk Decision-making Method of Slope Resistant Engineering

Considering the character of slope resistant engineering invest benefit, in line with security and economy balmaced, combining initial investment and anticipated hazard loss, disaster resistant engineering should be satisfied with the criterion of minimum cost. Decision tree model is adopted as analyzing means, and risk decision-making of slope design is carried out. Project input-output radio adopting dynamic analysis can reflect project investment benefit more accurately. At last this paper analyzes some questions in process of slope resistant engineering with benefits enumerate.     

中国棉花转基因研究与应用

近十年来 ,植物基因工程取得了辉煌的成就 ,尤其是许多大田作物 (如水稻、玉米、烟草、番茄等 )的转基因产品已进入商品化生产阶段。本文就中国棉花基因工程方面的研究作一简要综述 ,主要包括抗虫性改良、抗除草剂性状改良、抗病性改良、抗逆性改良和品质性状改良等方面     

Cover crop evapotranspiration under semi-arid conditions using FAO dual crop coefficient method with water stress compensation

Cover cropping is a common agro-environmental tool for soil and groundwater protection. In water limited environments, knowledge about additional water extraction by cover crop plants compared to a bare soil is required for a sustainable management strategy. Estimates obtained by the FAO dual crop coefficient method, compared to water balance-based data of actual evapotranspiration, were used to assess the risk of soil water depletion by four cover crop species (phacelia, hairy vetch, rye, mustard) compared to a fallow control. A water stress compensation function was developed for this model to account for additional water uptake from deeper soil layers under dry conditions. The average deviation of modelled cumulative evapotranspiration from the measured values was 1.4% under wet conditions in 2004 and 6.7% under dry conditions in 2005. Water stress compensation was suggested for rye and mustard, improving substantially the model estimates. Dry conditions during full cover crop growth resulted in water losses exceeding fallow by a maximum of +15.8% for rye, while no substantially higher water losses to the atmosphere were found in case of evenly distributed rainfall during the plant vegetation period with evaporation and transpiration concentrated in the upper soil layer. Generally the potential of cover crop induced water storage depletion was limited due to the low evaporative demand when plants achieved maximum growth. These results in a transpiration efficiency being highest for phacelia (5.1 g m⁻² mm⁻¹) and vetch (5.4 g m⁻² mm⁻¹) and substantially lower for rye (2.9 g m⁻² mm⁻¹) and mustard (2.8 g m⁻² mm⁻¹). Taking into account total evapotranspiration losses, mustard performed substantially better. The integration of stress compensation into the FAO crop coefficient approach provided reliable estimates of water losses under dry conditions. Cover crop species reducing the high evaporation potential from a bare soil surface in late summer by a fast canopy coverage during early development stages were considered most suitable in a sustainable cover crop management for water limited environments.