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细菌耐药拮抗剂的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本文介绍了具有拮抗细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究进展情况,包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。 相似文献
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S. Kreiah M. L. Edwards W. S. Hawes A. T. Jones D. J. F. Brown W. J. McGavin J. I. Cooper 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(3):297-303
The coding sequences in RNA2 for the coat proteins (CP) of strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) were modified and amplified using polymerase chain amplification reactions (PCR) to facilitate their expression inAgrobacterium tumefaciens-transformedNicotiana tabacum Xanthi-nc. The coding sequences for the smaller capsid protein (S, 29kDa) and that for the theoretical precursor of L and S (P, 73kDa) had ATG initiation codon sequences added at the 5-proximal Ser/Gly (S/G) cleavage site in the unmodified sequence. The sequence coding for the larger of the two proteins of mature SLRSV capsids (L, 44kDa) had an ATG codon added at its 5 S/G site and a TAG stop codon sequence added at the 3-proximal S/G site. The P, L and S proteins were expressedin planta to a maximum concentration of 0.01 % of total extractable proteins but did not assemble into virus-like particles. When challenged by mechanical inoculation with virus particles or viral RNA, and compared with control plants, tobacco plants (primary transgenic clones or S1 and S2, kanamycin-resistant seedlings) expressing the virus capsid subunits separately, or their precursor, decreased the accumulation of SLRSV particles in inoculated leaves and fewer plants became invaded systemically. In experiments in which the roots of seedlings were exposed to SLRSV-carrying vector nematodes (Xiphinema diversicaudatum), SLRSV was detected in the roots of non-transformed control tobacco plants (6/20) and in transgenic tobacco expressing the L protein (7/40), but not in any of 25 tobacco plants expressing the S protein or in 35 expressing the P protein. This is the second example of CP-mediated resistance to virus inoculation by nematode vectors. 相似文献
14.
采用盆栽和小区试验的方法,经3年试验发现,坡耕地土壤结皮对作物的出苗、生长、产量和生物量等均有不同程度的影响。小麦出苗率、苗高、最大苗高、产量和生物量分别降低了22.06%、4.60%、6.86%、1.16-9.84%和0.74-6.98%;结皮虽对玉米出苗影响不大,但延长了出苗期,使产量和生物量降低了5.66—9.17%和7.17—11.25%,而且随结皮厚度、强度和地表坡度的增加,其影响更为明显。因此,通过增加地面覆盖和雨后人工耕锄以消除结皮,增加产量和保持水土。 相似文献
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P. Galeffi G. Giunta S. Guida C. Cantale 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(5):479-483
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most destructive citrus virus diseases in the world. The construction of an engineered antibody, EMBL accession number AJ278109, able to specifically recognize its antigen, i.e. the coat protein of CTV, directly on infected plant material without any purification or manipulation of the entire woody plant. The potential uses of this engineered antibody are discussed. 相似文献
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A mathematical model has been developed for the risk assessment of the spread of genes conferring herbicide resistance in plant populations. The model combines an age-and-stage-structured population dynamic model, a population genetic model and a model of spatial spread. This is achieved by embedding a local matrix population model into a cellular automaton model with raster cells as spatial units. The dynamics of each cell is determined by both its local dynamics and the interaction with neighbouring cells. The model is applied to the evaluation of management strategies to delay or even to prevent long-term evolution of resistance in an annual grass weed. The results show that the appearance and spread of resistant genes is a highly non-linear process exhibiting threshold phenomena, which occur for a wide range of parameters. The properties of the seed survival curve constitute the `genetic memory' of the system and thus determine its long-term dynamics. It is possible to delay the evolution of resistance by suspension of treatment, reduction in herbicide application rate and introducing fallow periods. Spatial spread from an infested plot is inhibited by leaving untreated strips between adjacent fields. 相似文献
18.
Weed control, an important practice in agroecosystems to protect crop production, is usually achieved with herbicides. However,
these pesticides are expensive, pose potential risks to the environment, may affect some beneficial organisms indirectly,
and decrease overall arthropod biodiversity, including pests and their natural enemies, by removing weeds that might act as
hosts or shelters for many organisms. The activity density response of important surface-dwelling arthropod predators (ground
beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae], ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] and spiders [Arachnida: Araneae]) to herbicides (trifluralin
and paraquat), and to two alternative weed management practices (rye straw mulch and mechanical treatment to maintain weeds
below threshold levels, in comparison with an untreated check), was assessed using pitfall traps. The mulch treatment had
the greatest effect on activity density, reducing the number of predators trapped significantly (P<0.05). Herbicide use resulted in significant (P<0.05) reductions in the activity density of ground beetles. Most predators were trapped in the check plots — which had the
highest weed biomass, followed in turn by numbers trapped in the threshold weed control treatment, the full herbicide application
and the mulch treatment plots.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 10, 2002. 相似文献
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新疆棉区转Bt基因棉对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群数量的影响 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
20 0 0~ 2 0 0 1年 ,在新疆棉区系统地研究了转Bt基因棉田主要害虫及其天敌的发生规律。结果表明 :转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫有良好的控制作用 ,发生高峰期百株落卵量和百株幼虫数量都显著低于常规对照 ,转Bt自控田和转Bt化防田棉蚜和棉盲蝽发生数量则显著高于常规棉对照田。在天敌方面 ,转Bt自控田和转Bt化防田较常规棉对照田 ,丽草蛉种群数量有所增加 ,而小花蝽和黑食蚜盲蝽等 5种捕食性和几种寄生性天敌数量都有所下降。转Bt基因棉田棉蚜和棉盲蝽等刺吸性害虫发生数量加重而多种天敌数量减少的趋势值得引起重视。鉴于新疆地区棉铃虫发生数量较低目前无需专门防治的特点 ,作者建议 :可以考虑推广农艺性状较好的常规棉品种并保护天敌 ,以达到控制害虫、丰产丰收的目的。 相似文献