粗皮桉木材力学性质的近红外光谱方法预测

以人工林粗皮桉木材为研究对象,采用常规力学测试方法和近红外光谱方法对其无疵小试样力学性质进行研究。用近红外光谱仪采集试样表面的近红外光谱,对采集的近红外漫反射光谱进行导数预处理并对不同波段光谱建立校正模型,以1/3试样作为预测集对校正模型进行验证。结果表明:二阶导数预处理、350～25000nm全光谱波段、径切面和弦切面平均光谱值对粗皮桉木材力学性质模型预测效果最好。抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度的实测值与近红外光谱方法的预测值存在较好的相关性,相关系数均大于0.88,相对分析误差大于2.0,表明利用近红外光谱方法预测人工林粗皮桉木材力学性质效果较好。     

红松木倾斜角度对其木材形成组织的影响

为研究树干倾斜角度对应压木木材细胞壁形成过程的影响,以7年生红松苗木为研究对象,对其茎干进行不同角度的倾斜处理.先后测定苗木的树高和胸径、木材形成组织中的木质素和纤维素含量、傅里叶红外变化光谱和极性代谢产物.结果表明:倾斜角度对高生长的抑制作用非常显著,对直径生长无显著影响.倾斜后木质素含量增加,纤维素含量降低;倾斜角度对木质素和纤维素含量均有显著影响.不同倾斜角度FTIR吸收峰强度也有明显差异.糖类、脂类、氨基酸、含氮化合物、有机酸等代谢物随倾斜角度呈现不同的变化规律.因此,红松苗木50°倾斜处理形成典型的应压木结构.代谢物相对含量的变化规律与形成的木材宏观性质相吻合.代谢物的变化也反映了树木对应力刺激的响应机制.     

木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯复合板力学性能研究

在传统蜂窝纸芯单元的粘结处添加一块中密度纤维板支撑条加工成木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯,然后分别将蜂窝纸芯与中密度纤维板及薄、厚胶合板覆贴形成木质材料强化蜂窝纸芯复合板。比较了三种覆面材料制成的空心板多项力学性能并分析了他们的破坏模式。     

砂带磨削效率的实验研究

以杨木、水曲柳和中密度纤维板为试材,使用磨削效率测试系统和表面粗糙度测量仪进行磨削实验,分析比较了三种试材磨削效率和表面粗糙度的变化规律,以及相关因素对磨削效率和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,杨木的磨削效率高于水曲柳的磨削效率,中密度纤维板的磨削效率最低;横向磨削的磨削效率高于纵向磨削的磨削效率;杨木的表面粗糙度数值Ra高于水曲柳的Ra,中密度纤维板的Ra最高;横向磨削的表面粗糙度数值Ra高于纵向磨削的Ra。     

木质生物质能源技术的发展创新

阐述了木质生物质能源技术的发展及目前在我国的应用;指出了我国木质生物质能源未来的发展方向。     

竹木混合水泥刨花板工艺初步研究

研究了热压法制造竹木混合水泥刨花板工艺并对影响板材性能的因素进行探讨。结果表明:竹刨花水煮预处理后所制备的板材性能较好;本实验范围内,竹木混合水泥刨花板较合适的工艺参数为竹木比1∶3、灰木比4∶1、热压时间1～2min/mm板厚、CaCl2用量为灰重的5%、水灰比0.4。     

HDPE含量对木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

通过改变高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚苯乙烯(PS)的混合比例,设计了7种制作木塑复合材料的方案,HDPE∶PS分别为0∶10、1∶9、2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、10∶0。按照不同设计方案,选用相应的挤出工艺参数制作木塑复合材料型材,按照塑料检测标准对其进行力学性能检测以及扫描电镜观察,找出最优的配方工艺。     

复合保温管材的模具设计与研究

利用膨胀珍珠岩替代部分木质碎料,研究膨胀珍珠岩的加入量对复合保温管材导热系数、抗压强度、线性收缩率、氧指数的影响;设计制作复合保温管材的模具.     

Collembola in low stumps at clear-cuts. Is stump harvesting a threat?

Abstract

Stump harvesting as a way to increase wood biomass production in order to meet the European Union targets for reduced CO₂ emissions is starting up in Sweden. The knowledge about if and how Collembola species can use low stumps as a substrate is very limited. Stumps of three different ages (4, 14 and 75 years) were sampled to see if Collembola used the dead wood during the whole rotation period of a forest. Stumps of spruce, pine and birch were compared. Both the bark and the splint wood of the stumps were sampled. To determine whether the stump also influenced the nearby soil, the soil close to the stump were sampled as well as the soil further away. In total, five Collembola species that are known to prefer dead wood as a substrate were found in the stumps. Wood specialists were more dominating in young stumps, but occurred also in the oldest stumps. No preference was found for any specific tree species. Wood-living Collembola seem to be able to survive in low stumps for a whole rotation period, at least in low numbers. There is, however, a risk for extinction debt due to their low capacity for active long-distance dispersal.     

Retention of wind-felled trees and the risk of consequential tree mortality by the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in Finland

Abstract

Autumn storms felled about 7 million m³ of forest in southern Finland in 2001. Windthrow area and timber characteristics, as well as numbers of standing spruce trees attacked and killed by Ips typographus, were recorded in 61 Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]-dominated windthrow areas. Generalized linear models were used to identify significant variables predicting the risk for consequential tree mortality by I. typographus. None of the windthrow areas with fewer than 20 wind-felled spruce trees (WFS) (n=28) and only half of the areas with 20 or more WFS (n=33) harboured trees killed by I. typographus during the years 2003–2005. The quantity and diameter of WFS and the basal area of recently dead standing spruce trees correlated positively with the risk of tree deaths. This study indicates that in Finland, at endemic I. typographus population levels, it is safe to leave fewer than 20 WFS in managed forests. Retention of even larger quantities of trees does not seem to evoke significant numbers of consequential tree deaths by I. typographus in managed forests. However, in stands where the natural mortality of spruce trees is high, the risks of consequential tree deaths after wind disturbance will also be higher.