红富士苹果郁闭园间伐试验

于2007～2009年,在陕西省白水县对乔砧红富士苹果郁闭园进行间伐试验。结果表明:间伐可显著地促进苹果树外围新梢生长和叶片发育,其外围新梢生长长度、粗度分别比对照增加6.9 cm、0.24 mm;百叶鲜重、单叶面积分别比对照增加10.4 g、扩大7.75 cm~2;单果重、着色指数、可溶性固形物含量、特优级果(80 mm以上)率、667 m~2产量、667 m~2产值、667 m~2纯收益,分别比对照增加23.3 g、12.3、0.36个百分点、21.0个百分点、515.5 kg、2 019.0元、1 319.0元,表明说明间伐可以显著地提高苹果产量、质量和效益。     

Watershed Health Characterization Using Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability Conceptual Framework Based on Hydrological Responses

An attempt was made to employ the reliability (R_el)–resilience (R_es)–vulnerability (V_ul) conceptual framework to develop a typical indicator system for quantitative assessment of watershed health. The study aimed to conceptualize and customize the R_elR_esV_ul framework to watershed health assessment for the Shazand Watershed in Markazi Province, Iran, for the period of 1977–2014. To this end, four easily, reliable, available and accessible criteria viz. standardized precipitation index (SPI), low and high flow discharges (LFD and HFD), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were selected, and corresponding indices for reliability–resilience–vulnerability (R_elR_esV_ul) framework were accordingly conceptualized and calculated. The thresholds of 0.1, 0.16 m³ s⁻¹, 12.63 m³ s⁻¹ and 25 mg l⁻¹ day⁻¹ were thus selected for SPI, LFD, HFD and SSC, respectively. The results showed a decreasing trend in R_el and R_es, and an increasing trend in V_ul for SPI and LFD in the Shazand Watershed. The results further showed an increasing trend in R_el, and a decreasing trend in V_ul for HFD and SSC. A decreasing trend was ultimately recognized in watershed health index for all criteria except SSC. Additionally, the integrated hydrological watershed health index of 0.16 ± 0.11 obtained from the geometric mean of the R_elR_esV_ul framework indices also showed a decreasing trend for the Shazand Watershed health during the study period. The results of the present initiative study can be considered as a baseline by decision makers and managers to effectively adjust watershed management strategies to handle land degradation issues in the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Deep Analysis of the Connotation of Sunshine Sports——On Health Promotion from the Theoretical Perspective

自2006年阳光体育运动在各级各类学校开展以来,阳光体育运动内涵的界定至今尚未有一个科学、清晰和合理的阐释,且存在许多理论层面上的认识局限。阳光体育运动中的＂阳光＂承载了三层含义：离开室内环境,享受自然＂阳光;＂让学生沐浴党中央关爱青少年健康成长的政策＂阳光;＂改变不利于学生身心健康发展的人文社会环境,让青少年学生身心＂阳光＂。阳光体育运动中的＂运动＂,应理解为全社会参与下的青少年学生体质健康促进运动。阳光体育运动中的＂体育＂,其本质就是学校体育。为了更好地促进阳光体育运动健康长久有效开展,需要进一步借鉴和移植健康促进理论,改造成适合阳光体育运动的指导理论体系。     

木麻黄海岸林林下套种技术与综合效益探讨

以福建泉州木麻黄海岸林为研究对象,探讨了木麻黄林下套种技术以及林下套种植被的生长效果和综合效益。经实践证明,木麻黄海岸林林下套种技术能够提高海岸土地资源的利用效率,降低风速,提高林分生产力和综合防护能力,因此值得进行深入研究和推广。     

Weed control in conservation agriculture systems of Zimbabwe: Identifying economical best strategies

Weed management under conservation agriculture (CA), especially when manually controlled is one of the major setbacks for the widespread adoption of CA in southern Africa. This study was conducted at three on-station and three on-farm sites: CIMMYT-Harare, Domboshawa Training Centre and Henderson Research Station (on-station sites), Hereford farm, Madziva communal area and Shamva communal area (on-farm sites). The evaluation focused on the effect of initial herbicide application and succeeding manual weeding whenever weeds were 10 cm tall or 10 cm in length for grasses with stoloniferous–rhizomatous growth habit. Weeds counts, weeding time and grain yields were collected at all on-station sites. At the on-farm sites, weed counts were done before weeding and a number of farmers were timed during weeding. The results showed that herbicides use reduced the weed density and time taken on weeding at all sites. Combining herbicides e.g. atrazine, glyphosate and metalachlor had the lowest weed density and weeding time at all sites. However, the treatments had no effect on maize grain yields suggesting that appropriate and timely manual weeding reduced crop/weed competition. Herbicides treatments had higher input costs than manual weeding due to the additional cost of herbicide but the treatment with manual weeding only had more overall labour days compared to the mixture of three herbicides. In order to achieve economic benefits, smallholder farmers may use the time for value addition e.g. expand cropped land area, use time for value addition, or sell new products on the market. Herbicides use reduces the manual labour needed to control weeds and minimise total crop failure due to untimely weeding hence, herbicides are an important but not the only weed control option under CA systems in Zimbabwe.     

高职院校学生心理健康问题分析及教育方式选择

随着高职院校学生学习生活由普通教育向职业教育转变,发展方向由升学为主向就业为主转变,以及将直接面对社会和职业的选择.对他们的心理问题进行分析、了解其心理问题的表现及其产生原因,并作出心理健康问题的教育方式选择,既具有理论价值,又具有现实意义.     

天然食品抗氧剂与人的营养和健康

流行病学的调查表明，长期困扰着人类的几种疾病都与饮食习惯有关，其内在的原因是生物氧化过程中生成的某些自由基对生命物质产生破坏作用。抗氧剂的主要生物生物学功能是防止自由基对细胞及细胞组分的损伤。目前几乎所有被证实对特定疾病有防治用的营养组分都具有抗氧活性。本文综述了几种天然食品抗氧剂的营养价值及其对健康的影响，这是有关食品抗氧剂应用价值的新观点。     

“黑麦草—水稻”草田轮作系统应用效益初探（案例研究）

“黑麦草—水稻”草田轮作系统（简称ＩＲＲ系统）在广东省产生了显著的效益。黑麦草作为饲料的应用范围包括了奶牛、奶水牛、肉牛、奶山羊、肉（毛）用兔、实验用兔、猪、鸵鸟、鹅、草鱼等，目前最常见的系统有“稻—草—牛”、“稻—草—鱼”和“稻—草—鹅”。因此，ＩＲＲ系统为发展大农业多种经营提供了重要的物质基础，改善了区域农业生产结构，促进了“三元结构农业”和节粮型畜牧业的发展。ＩＲＲ系统的应用，提高了土地的利用率以及土地单位面积的产出，其经济效益因不同的应用系统而异，一般情况下一个冬季的产出在１．５万元／ｈｍ２以上。     

浅谈疲劳与保健

近年来,越来越多的人因为对更高的物质生活追求而承受着巨大的工作压力,从而忽视了健康。大多数人都处于亚健康的状态。从日常生活出发,分析了健康对人类的重要性,以期有助于处于亚健康的人群。     

临床专升本学生与临床本科学生心理卫生对照研究

目的了解临床专升本与普通本科学生心理健康状况差异。方法采用心理卫生自评量表(SCL—90),对82名专升本同学和85名临床本科学生进行调查。结果临床专升本学生SCL—9强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、偏执、精神病性、阳性项目数高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义。(t值为3.76,2.24,3.36,3.11,2.51,6,12.95,P<0.001)。普通本科学生强迫、精神病性方面高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义。(t值分别为1.5,3.39,P<0.01)。专升本学生的人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对因子分与本科五年制学生相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。专升本心理问题发生率为57.4%,普通本科学生心理问题发生率为27.1%。结论临床专升本学生与临床本科学生相比较有较明显的心理问题,应进行重视及进行相应的干预。