Combining field and control team assessments to obtain error estimates for surveys of crown condition

Three field teams undertook a survey of crown transparency in Switzerland in 1993. A fourth team (control) also visited a subset of the trees that had already been visited by the field teams and reported estimates for the same. The problem of estimating the proportion (P_c) of trees with total crown transparency at least equal to a (fixed) level c is addressed. The method assumes that the control team estimate is an unbiased estimate of P_c and therefore if the expected difference between a field team estimate and the control team estimate is non‐zero then the field team estimate is biased. This assumption is most likely to be met in those countries or areas where the control team consists of the instructors. When this assumption cannot be met, as long as the bias of the control team remains the same over the years, the estimates of P_c from different years can still be used to study, for example, whether there is any temporal trend in P_c . A weighted average of the bias‐corrected field team estimates is used to determine the confidence limits. The method is applied to the Swiss national forest damage inventory data from the year 1993. The same approach can also be taken for estimating the proportion of cases where a random variable X, qualitative (such as the social position of a tree) or quantitative (such as the diameter of a tree at breast height), assumes values in a particular set.     

旋转法处理平面度误差测量数据的计算机辅助分析

平面度误差测量中常采用旋转法处理数据,使之符合最小条件,从而计算出平面度误差。但手工处理过程复杂,工作量大。使用我们自主开发的计算机辅助分析软件,不仅可以提高运算速度,而且可以通过CAD图形分析模块的分析,为生产加工提出指导性意见。     

模拟线性电路K故障假设下最优可测试成分组的确定

提出了模拟线性电路故障诊断中K故障假设下一组最优可测试成份确定的方法与步骤。该方法构成了故障定位的第一步，且与故障定位方法无关。本方法基于电路的可测试值计算和规范式不确定性组的确定，它在可测试性与不确定性组概念中具有严格的理论基础，其可测试性计算可直接从参数类型故障诊断技术中推得。     

腰轮流量计在油品计量中的误差分析

通过对腰轮流量计在制造过程中的误差分析,以及在使用过程中泄漏量、油品粘度、温度、油质等因素对测量精确度的影响分析,提出了消除和减少计量误差的办法,保证流量计在所要求的计量精度下运行,尽量减少经济损失.     

CAPP设计中误差模型的建立

提出了一个在CAPP设计中用于合理制定各工序公差的误差模型。该模型以误差统计和误差传递思想为基础,根据各工序的工艺能力及中间工序加工误差对最终工序加工误差影响的大小来合理制定各工序公差。     

高炮电气随动系统神经智能故障诊断系统的设计与实现

根据高炮电气随动电控系统的组成及其电路的结构与特点，设计了高炮电气随动系统神经智能故障诊断系统的模型、系统硬件组成、系统软件结构和相关命令，并阐述了拟神经网络测试算法。     

圆弧插补对数算法及误差分析

提出了一种采用对数算法的圆弧插补方法，并对插补误差进行了分析，插补软件利用ＭＣＳ－５１汇编语言编制。     

N2O-Freisetzung auf gemähtem Dauergrünland in Abhängigkeit von Standort und N-Düngung

N₂O Emissions from True Meadows Dependent on Location and N Fertilization Agricultural production is thought to be a main anthropogenic emitter of nitrous oxide (N₂O), which contributes to global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer. There is still considerable uncertainty about the amount of N₂O emission, and the site‐specific parameters that affect N₂O emission. From October 1995 until March 1998 experiments were conducted at established field plots (true meadows) at three different sites, i.e. low mountain range (Eifel), lowland (Niederrhein), and moist meadows (Münsterland). Plots were fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at nitrogen equivalents ranging from 0 to 360 kg N ha^–1. N₂O fluxes were measured throughout the whole year using the closed‐chamber method. In addition, data on temperature, water‐filled pore space and precipitation were collected. N₂O emission rates (mg N₂O‐N ha^–1 h^–1) were highest either after fertilizer application or in winter during frost, depending on the experimental site and N dosage. The annual amount of N losses due to N₂O emission was dependent on the experimental site and the type and dosage of fertilizer. Disregarding the 360 kg N ha^–1 level of the CAN treatments, the N losses in this experiment were less than 1.5 kg N₂O‐N ha^–1 yr^–1. At low fertilizer dosage there was no reliable correlation between the amount of N that was applied and the amount of N₂O that was emitted. However, with high fertilizer levels the N₂O emissions increased gradually. Finally, N₂O emissions were more influenced by the amount of CAN than by the site.     

平湖剑子麦、洪湖大太宝、崇阳红麦、延岗坊主、万年2号抗赤霉病性基因分析

本试验将抗性组分分析法与单体分析法相结合,进行了小麦抗性基因染色体定位和抗性评价。结果表明,平湖剑子麦是抗性较稳定的中抗至抗病品种,其抗性基因涉及6D、7A、3B、5B和6B 等染色体。洪湖大太宝抗性基因和感病基因并存,是一个中抗偏感或中感品种。崇阳红麦属感病品种。延岗坊主的抗性基因位于染色体3A 上,感病基因位于5D 上,是一个中抗品种.万年2号麦穗前期抗病基因位于4D 和5A 上,是中抗品种。两种方法结合研究多基因控制的赤霉病抗性,能获得比较准确的结果和较多的遗传信息。     

农用车辆前轮定位失准的原因浅析及预防

针对农用车辆前轮定位失准的原因作出分析，并提出预防前轮定位失准的有效措施。