Improved discrimination of self-incompatibility S-RNase alleles in cherry and high throughput genotyping by automated sizing of first intron polymerase chain reaction products

A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach to determine and confirm the self‐incompatibility (S) genotype of cherries is reported. The method involves PCR amplification with a new pair of consensus primers that immediately flank the first intron of cherry S‐RNases, one of which is fluorescently labelled. Fluorescent amplification products range from 234 to c. 460 bp and can be sized accurately on an automated sequencer. Thirteen S alleles reported in sweet cherry can be distinguished, except for S₂ and S₇, which have an amplification product of exactly the same size. S₁₃, which is also amplified, gives a microsatellite‐like trace which shows minor intra‐allelic length variation. This method gives fast and accurate results and should be especially useful for medium/high‐throughput genotyping of wild and cultivated cherries.     

淀粉和面筋蛋白对面制品流变特性的影响

面粉的两种主要成分淀粉和蛋白质对面制品的流变特性有显著的影响。概括了影响淀粉糊流变特性的几个主要因素:蒸煮温度、搅拌时间、搅拌速度、pH值以及淀粉糊浓度、盐和蔗糖的作用,同时讨论了面筋蛋白对面制品流变特性的影响机理。     

生态农业与绿色食品开发

论述了在农业发展新的形势下,加快生态农业与绿色食品开发的重要性,以及两者间的相互关联性和发展目标的一致性。     

源库改变对小麦籽粒蛋白质,淀粉含量及产量的影响

利用蛋白质含量及产量各不相同3个春小麦品种．研究了源库改变对淀粉、蛋白质沉术；及单侏产量的影响．结果表明：源库改变明显地影响着籽粒蛋白质的含量，而对淀粉、可溶性糖含量影响不大；品种间蛋白质含量对源库变化的反应不同；千粒重的增减也因品种而异；淀粉的沉积主要受库的限制，而源库都影响着蛋白含量；旗叶在产量和蛋白形成中起着同样重要作用。     

转反义TRX s基因对小麦萌发过程中储藏蛋白降解的影响

以转反义TRX s基因豫麦18和对照（豫麦18）为试材，测定了小麦种子萌发过程中胚乳内thiocalsin、苹果酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶的活性以及游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明，反义TRX s基因的导入能够增加对thiocalsin和苹果酸脱氢酶的抑制，降低其活性，使储存蛋白更难于被降解，谷丙转氨酶增高的速度减慢，种子氨基酸代谢减弱。说明蛋白质代谢缓慢是转反义TRX s基因小麦抗穗发芽的一个主要原因。     

转Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白含量时空分布及对棉铃虫产生抗性的影响

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法（酶链免疫法）、室内初孵棉铃虫生测法和田间棉铃虫为害调查方法，研究和分析了中国构建的 Ｂｔ（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ）基因抗虫棉品系ＧＫ３和美国构建的Ｂｔ基因棉品系新棉３３Ｂ的不同生育期以及花铃期不同器官的杀虫蛋白含量、校正死亡率和田间受害率变化趋势以及它们之间的关系。结果表明，转Ｂｔ基因棉Ｂｔ杀虫蛋白含量在棉花生育过程中呈时空动态变化，在时间分布上，各生育期顶尖平展叶表现为：初花期＞蕾期、花铃期＞苗期＞吐絮期；在花铃期，各器官表现为：功能叶、茎尖＞小蕾、幼铃＞花蕊、花瓣、苞叶、老叶。室内生测幼虫校正死亡率与棉株Ｂｔ杀虫蛋白含量高度一致；田间表现与Ｂｔ杀虫蛋白含量有一定的差异，除主要受Ｂｔ杀虫蛋白影响外，棉铃虫取食选择性，以及残存高龄幼虫为害和棉株各部位营养结构等也影响其抗虫性，造成后期棉铃虫主要为害花、蕾和幼铃，两材料抗虫性表现较为一致。     

Genetic improvement of yield of nitrogen of Lolium perenne pastures

Summary Four varieties of Lolium perenne with similar flowering dates bred over a 30 year period were grown in an orthogonal plot trial with two contrasting harvesting frequencies and three levels of fertiliser (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 t/ha of N annually). In the second harvest year, the nitrogen (N) content of herbage at each harvest was determined and the yields of N calculated. The newest variety (Ba 10761) gave a 20% higher mean annual yield of N than the oldest (S.321). The influence of variety in increasing the ratio of N recovered: N applied was as great or greater than the influence of harvesting frequency or level of applied N. There were small differences between varieties in N content (%N), N content being inversely related to N yield.     

A Possible Association Between Heading Time and the GM-A2 Locus in Bread Wheat

A line without expression (null form) o: the α-gliadins controlled by the 6A chromosome was found when screening electrosboretically single seeds of the bread wheat ‘Raeder’. Differences in heading time were also observed between this null line and the normal one. A linkage between 6A gliadin genes and heading time gene(s) is hypothesized.     

Glu-1位点缺失对小麦麦谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布及面团特性的影响

以Glu-1位点正常和部分缺失的小麦品系为材料,探讨HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成与谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性的关系,为利用HMW-GS缺失系改良小麦品质提供理论依据。在20个供试硬白冬麦品系中,1个品系为Glu-A1位点缺失,5个品系为Glu-D1缺失,3个品系为Glu-A1和Glu-D1双缺失。所有品系的蛋白质含量皆较高(13.39%~14.12%),品系间无显著差异,缺失系与非缺失系间也无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了高分子量谷蛋白/低分子量谷蛋白比(HMW/LMW)、不溶性谷蛋白大聚体的含量和百分比。谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比(GLU/GLI)在基因型间变幅较小,且在缺失系和非缺失系间无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了面团弹性,但显著提高了面团的延展性。部分Glu-1位点缺失系仍具有较高的面团强度和突出的延展性,谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性受谷蛋白亚基组成和表达量的共同影响。研究结果表明,利用Glu-1位点亚基缺失可能是改善面筋延展性,提高食品加工品质的方法之一。     

宁波绿茶配比对新颖袋泡茶品质的影响

以宁波绿茶为原料,探讨了宁波绿茶配比对新颖袋泡茶品质的影响。结果表明,在本试验范围内,从生化成分以及感官审评方面进行综合评价,茶叶的配比以龙井茶与炒青茶质量之比为40∶60为最好,滋味具有龙井茶香气。