Adaptation of Drosophila species to climate change——A literature review since 2003

Global climate warming has been exerting impacts on agricultural pests. Pests also take some strategies to adapt to climate change. Understanding such adaptation could benefit more accurate predictions and integrated management of pest. However, adaptation to climate change has not been widely investigated in agricultural pests but has been well documented in model species, Drosophila, and reviewed by Hoffmann before 2003. To provide recent progress and references for agricultural entomologists who interested in thermal biology, here we have reviewed literatures since 2003 about adaptation to temperature changes under climate change. We mainly summarized thermal adaptation of Drosophila (especially to high temperatures) from three aspects, behaviors, plastic responses and micro-evolution and discussed how Drosophila increases their heat tolerance through these three mechanisms. Finally, we summarized the measures of thermotolerance and concluded the main progress in recent decade about the behavioral thermoregulation, mortality risks driven by limited evolutionary and plastic response under climate change, geographic distribution based on basal rather than plastic thermotolerance. We propose future work focus on better understanding adaptation of organisms including agricultural pests to climate change.     

Global sensitivity analysis of wheat grain yield and quality and the related process variables from the DSSAT-CERES model based on the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method

A crop growth model, integrating genotype, environment, and management factor, was developed to serve as an analytical tool to study the influence of these factors on crop growth, production, and agricultural planning. A major challenge of model application is the optimization and calibration of a considerable number of parameters. Sensitivity analysis(SA) has become an effective method to identify the importance of various parameters. In this study, the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST) approach was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the DSSAT-CERES model output responses of interest to 39 crop genotype parameters and six soil parameters. The outputs for the SA included grain yield and quality(take grain protein content(GPC) as an indicator) at maturity stage, as well as leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and aboveground nitrogen accumulation at the critical process variables. The key results showed that:(1) the influence of parameter bounds on the sensitivity results was slight and less than the impacts from the significance of the parameters themselves;(2) the sensitivity parameters of grain yield and GPC were different, and the sensitivity of the interactions between parameters to GPC was greater than those between the parameters to grain yield; and(3) the sensitivity analyses of some process variables, including leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and aboveground nitrogen accumulation, should be performed differently. Finally, some parameters, which improve the model's structure and the accuracy of the process simulation, should not be ignored when maturity output as an objective variable is studied.     

试析《巴黎协定》中的国家自主贡献模式及中国的承诺

《巴黎协定》中的“国家自主贡献”全球气候治理模式受到全球大多数国家的认可。缔 约各国在应对全球气候变化中根据自己的情况提出一个实现气候变化目标的各自行动安排,各 国基于不同的国情,通过“自上而下”的方式执行各自的减排义务。国家自主贡献模式提升了全 球气候治理各缔约国的参与度,向各缔约国提出了“行动”和“支持”两种履行义务的法律标准。 中国在《中国国家计划自主贡献》中体现了一个负责任大国形象。     

中国农业生产的技术效率衰退会终结吗?——基于开放与收敛视角的考察

【目的】过去数十年,中国农业生产的技术效率一直处于衰退之中。论文试图研究开放环境对中国农业生产技术效率的影响,进而预测中国农业生产技术效率在未来的走势。【方法】应用基于Malmquist指数的DEA和效率回归方法。【结果】中国农业生产技术效率存在显著的收敛倾向,并且这种倾向在开放环境中还会进一步增强。此外,中国农业生产技术效率的“均衡”水平在近年来已先于真实水平并开始复苏。【结论】在开放的推动下,中国农业生产的技术效率衰退将会终止,增长即将到来。     

一类具有时滞和脉冲接种的SEIRS传染病模型

研究了一类具有时滞和脉冲接种的SEIRS传染病模型,应用脉冲微分方程比较定理和分析的方法得到了无病周期解的全局吸引性和系统持久性的充分条件,结果表明了时滞、非线性发生率、脉冲接种以及免疫力丧失对模型动力学性质的影响.     

基于GPRS的移动监护系统设计

目的 为解决院外监护和院前监护的数据传输问题,设计一种基于GPRS网络的移动监护系统.方法 通过定位传输模块把插件式监护仪实时采集的病人生理信息,连同病人的位置信息一起发送到GSM移动通讯网,在具有实IP的PC机上编写服务器程序接收病人信息实现移动监护功能.结果 通过该装置实现了病人实时监护信息的远程无线传输,把每个节...     

产业融合视角下的现代农业示范区规划——兼论其旅游功能的拓展

分析了现代农业发展下的农业旅游的特点,指出产业融合是现代农业的基本特征,强调了现代农业是农业与科技的融合、农业与农工贸产业的融合、城市与乡村的融合。认为农业旅游能够将农业、生态和旅游业结合起来,是现代农业功能拓展的最佳载体。从该视角出发,解析了农业示范区中旅游功能缺失的原因,主要集中于规划编制的研究者学科背景多元;规划尚无技术规范,缺乏体系化的规划理论和方法指导;个案规划较多,推广性较差;旅游项目的创新性不强;新旅游产品文化挖掘欠缺。提出了旅游功能拓展规划的重点内容,强调要转变设计理念,重新定位规划功能,使服务设施规划符合旅游规律,合理策划旅游项目,重视景观与绿化规划,加强生态环境保护与品牌建设。     

一族三阶收敛的Newton型迭代法

基于中点处的导数值构造了一个三阶收敛的Newton型迭代法,与[10]中的方法相比,每步迭代计算相同的函数值,但是数值实例表明该方法的迭代效果更好.此外,在该方法的基础上构造了一族三阶收敛的迭代方法.     

渐近非扩张算子方程的隐式迭代序列收敛性

隐式迭代法是不动点理论的重要内容,非渐近非扩张算子方程也被广泛使用,通过对渐近非扩张算子方程的隐式迭代法的研究,利用渐近非扩张算子的概念和性质,得到了渐近非扩张算子方程隐式迭代解的收敛性的充分条件,完善了对其收敛性研究的理论．     

Global scale of freshwater prawn farming

In welcoming participants to Giant Prawn 2011, the authors briefly review the current scale of this component of global aquaculture. The expansion of freshwater prawn farming over the 30 years since the first global conference on this topic [Giant Prawn 1980 (GP1980)] is examined. At the time of GP1980, the output of farmed giant river prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was <3000 t. Almost three decades later (2009) the total annual aquaculture production of all species of freshwater prawns had risen to almost 444 000 t, with a value of US$2.2 billion. The farmed production of M. rosenbergii constituted 51.7% of the global total, while the oriental river prawn M. nipponense (reared totally in China) contributed 47.2%. The contribution of the monsoon river prawn M. malcolmsonii remains quite small so far, and does not show in the above percentages because no recent FAO data are available for this species. In 2007, however, the latter species contributed 1.0% of the total global production of freshwater prawns. The major freshwater prawn producing countries are in Asia (e.g. Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam) but Macrobrachium spp. are also farmed in other continents.