籼稻温敏核不育系皖2311S的选育·育性·特征特性

[目的]介绍籼稻温敏核不育系皖2311S的选育过程、育性表现和农艺性状。[方法]以籼稻温敏核不育系2301S为母本,与籼稻品系3401杂交,经5年8代选择育成籼稻温敏核不育系皖2311S(简称2311S)。[结果]2009年8月3日至9月21日2,311S表现雄性不育,镜检花粉败育率99.93%～100.00%,套袋自交不结实,稳定不育期50 d。2010年7月21日至9月6日,表现雄性不育,镜检花粉败育率99.82%～100.00%,套袋自交不结实,稳定不育期48 d9,月8～10日表现雄性可育,镜检花粉败育率97.11%～99.93%,套袋自交结实率0.24%～1.08%9,月13～21日,又表现雄性不育,镜检花粉败育率99.73%～100.00%,套袋自交不结实。2011年7月8日至9月21日,连续表现雄性不育,镜检花粉败育率99.55%～100.00%,套袋自交结实率0.00%～0.13%。长日不育起点温度低于23.0℃。[结论]该不育系稳定不育期30 d以上,米质优,比较适宜选配中籼优质米组合。     

三隐性核不育油菜中隐性上位基因抑制作用的专一性

双隐性核不育和三隐性核不育是中国油菜杂优育种中利用的2类重要核不育材料。双隐性核不育ms1、ms2基因和三隐性核不育ms3、ms4基因是2套不同的隐性重叠不育基因,彼此独立控制育性。以前曾提出三隐性核不育隐性上位抑制基因rfrf对隐性核不育基因的作用可能是非专一性的假设。本试验对油菜双隐性核不育材料9A130与三隐性核不育"临保系"1740C的杂交F1、F2、F3,以及F2可育株与双隐性核不育株测交后代育性分离比进行分析,结果不支持以前提出的假设。说明,隐性上位基因rfrf与隐性重叠不育基因的抑制作用是专一性的,即rfrf仅对ms3、ms4有抑制作用,对ms1、ms2不具抑制作用。     

优质光温敏核不育系虔S的选育与应用

虔S是赣州市农业科学研究所用具有安农S-1亲缘的田丰S-1与Ⅱ-32B杂交,从其后代中定向选育的两用核不育系。该不育系具有配合力好、稻米品质优、育性稳定、株型好、熟期适宜特点。介绍了虔S的选育经过、特征特性及所配组合表现。     

Combining Ability Analysis of Wheat Thermo-photo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line K78S and Its Derived Lines

为了评价小麦温光敏核不育系的配合力,采用14×6不完全双列杂交对14个温光敏核不育系和6个恢复系的7个性状进行了配合力分析。结果表明,穗粒数、千粒重、穗长和小穗数的一般配合力（GCA）方差达极显著水平,这些性状以加性效应为主;单株产量、单株穗数和株高的GCA和特殊配合力（SCA）方差均达极显著水平,3个性状同时受加性和非加性效应的共同作用。GCA好的亲本一般都有较大的产量及产量构成因子GCA效应值以及较多的正效GCA产量构成因子,不育系S1、S6、S7、S9、S12、S13、m14均具有较好的GCA。10个单株产量最大组合的产量构成因素SCA效应值分析结果表明,强优势组合产量三要素的重要性依次为穗粒数、有效穗数和千粒重,不育系的小穗数和株高,恢复系的单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及株高的田间表型值与其GCA效应值呈极显著正相关,这些性状的表型值可直接用于指导亲本选配。     

Development of EST‐SSR markers for diversity and breeding studies in opium poppy

All publicly available opium poppy expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences, totalling 20 885, were assembled into unigenes and examined for simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Nearly 19% of the 14 957 unigenes contained SSRs with 4% harbouring more than one SSR. Average density of the SSRs was 1 SSR per 3.6 kb of non‐redundant EST sequence. Trinucleotide SSRs were most frequently identified (39%), and many of the most prevalent motifs were AT‐rich. Flanking primers were designed for 86% of the SSRs and 67 primer pairs were tested on 37 opium poppy accessions and seven related species. All markers were transferable to the related species. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values for the markers were intermediate for comparisons within opium poppy (average of 0.27) and slightly higher for comparisons across species (average of 0.29). The markers were found to be useful for diversity analysis as they successfully distinguished among Turkish opium poppy accessions and land races.     

BNS和BNS366小麦雄性不育与内源激素的关系

【目的】研究BNS和BNS366小麦雄性不育与小孢子发生过程中内源激素含量变化的关系,为激素调控温光敏雄性不育小麦花粉育性提供理论依据。【方法】选用BNS和BNS366为试验材料,分别以矮抗58和郑麦366（BNS366的近等基因系）为对照,进行正常秋季播种（2018年10月10日）和晚播（2018年12月2日）试验,用I₂-KI法测定花粉育性,用国内法和国际法测定自交结实率,采用间接酶联免疫法测定雌雄蕊原基分化期-三核期叶片、雌雄蕊原基分化期-四分体期幼穗和单核中位期-三核期花药中6种内源激素的含量。【结果】在正常秋季播种条件下,BNS和BNS366花粉可育率、国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率均为零,达到全不育水平,在晚播条件下,BNS的这三个指标分别为34.74%、43.12%和48.48%,达到低不育水平,BNS366则分别为92.63%、55.37%和67.94%,达到正常可育水平,播种期间差异均达到极显著水平;矮抗58和郑麦366在2种播期条件下,则为82.56%—94.00%、73.90%—82.31%和96.54%—139.26%,均为正常可育,播种期间差异不显著;BNS和BNS366花粉可育率-∆（正常秋季播种条件下比晚播条件下花粉可育率提高百分率）均分别极显著低于矮抗58和郑麦366。分别在2个试验组内进行内源激素含量的多重比较,BNS和BNS366与矮抗58和郑麦366内源激素含量-∆（正常秋季播种条件下比晚播条件下激素含量提高百分率）存在差异,对内源激素含量与花粉可育率、内源激素含量-∆与花粉可育率-∆进行了相关性分析,发现BNS和BNS366不育株在小麦幼穗发育过程中激素含量存在特征性变化。生长素（indole-3-acetic acid,IAA）含量在四分体期（BNS）和雌雄蕊原基分化期（BNS366）叶片中不足,在单核中位期（BNS）和单核靠边期（BNS366）花药中不足,在二核期花药中盈余;赤霉素（gibberellic acid,GA）含量在四分体期幼穗和单核中位期花药中不足;玉米素核苷（zeatin riboside,ZR）含量在叶片、幼穗和花药中均无一致盈亏特征;脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）含量分别在四分体期幼穗中存在偏低倾向（BNS）或确定存在不足（BNS366）现象;油菜素内酯（brassinosteroid,BR）含量在叶片、幼穗和花药中均无一致盈亏特征;茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）含量在雌雄蕊原基分化期、四分体期、单核靠边期（BNS）或单核中位期（BNS366）和三核期叶片中不足,在雌雄蕊原基分化期（BNS）或四分体期幼穗（BNS366）中不足,在单核靠边期花药中不足。【结论】正常秋季播种条件下,单核靠边期之前,BNS和BNS366中IAA、GA和ABA的含量不足,尤其是MeJA的含量不足,可能促进了二者雄性不育的发生。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

茄子反向温敏雄性不育系可溶性糖含量及相关基因表达分析

为揭示茄子反向温敏核雄性不育(rTGMS)发生与糖类代谢的关系,以茄子rTGMS系‘05ms’及温度不敏感系‘S63’为试材,对不育期和可育期的叶片及花蕾的可溶性糖含量进行比较,结果表明,‘05ms’在不育和可育时期叶片和花蕾中的可溶性糖含量均显著低于‘S63’;进一步对‘05ms’花蕾进行转录组测序及对其糖类代谢相关途径进行分析,发现差异表达基因主要富集在3个通路:淀粉和蔗糖代谢、糖酵解/糖异生和氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢,其中淀粉和蔗糖代谢通路的差异基因最多且大部分在低温条件表达下调,主要影响了葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸的合成。此结果初步揭示了茄子反向温敏雄性不育系中糖类代谢响应温度变化的特点,为茄子雄性不育杂交育种提供理论依据。     

Production and testing of plants regenerated from protoplasts of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plants were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryonic suspension cultures of N5047S, a photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) Japonica rice line. Flow cytometric analyses of nuclear DNA content identified some tetraploid regenerates whose agronomic traits could be distinguished from diploid regenerates. Pollen and female fertility of diploid protoplast-derived clones grown under different light and temperature conditions was compared. A promising PGMS protoplast clone, ZAU11S, was developed from these clones. Its male sterility was confirmed as a photoperiod × temperature interaction type. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水稻广亲和光敏核不育系H52S的选育

利用常现杂交有种结合花药培养技术,筛选出具有广亲和特性的模型光敏核不育系H52S,其育性转换明显,不育期内不育株率与不有度均达100％,可育期内自然结实率达40％以上;将其与广亲和测试种杂交,F1结实率达80％以上,经初步亚种间配组分析,显示强大的增产潜力．