使用微型PLC进行小系统的复合控制研究

对于热交换器等系统,普通PID控制难以满足工艺要求,为寻找经济实用的途径,探讨了以微型PLC为硬件平台,通过软件的方式实现静态前馈和PID控制组成的复合控制系统,对工业过程中热交换器温度进行有效的控制,在保证较高性价比的前提下,实现复合控制和逻辑控制的较好结合.     

DC electrical resistivity CT survey of deformation and damage law of coal floor

Abstract: Based on the general laws of the floor damage caused by coal mining, the response relation between the floor rock damage and its electrical resistivity are mainly discussed. Then, the principle and method of the direct current electrical resistivity CT surveying technology are introduced. The survey plan is made according to movement characteristics of mining rock strata in floor, and the dynamic direct-current resistivity CT survey is then applied to predict the damage depth of coal floor. In the return airway of face 1028 in Huaibei Mine, two boreholes were drilled in the coal floor, with a certain number of electrodes buried in the holes, the survey profile was formed between them. With characteristics of electric fields in rock strata in different time measured according to advance of working face, and its electrical resistivity values simulated inversely, the responses of rock strata to electrical resistance during the evolution of fractures were obtained and the damage depth of coal floor in face 1028 was determined to be 17m, which provides visual and effective technical parameters for the coal mining safety. Test results show that direct current electrical resistivity CT technique can detect coal floor mining damage evolution process effectively, and illustrate the floor deformation and damage in the process of mining, which is conducive to the water-inrush forecast, prevention and control.     

3-UrSR 6自由度并联机构位置分析

提出一种采用球面2自由度五杆作为驱动装置的3 - UrSR并联机构.对该机构自由度进行了计算,对机构的位置反解进行了分析和研究,并列出了正解的约束方程组.最后用反解验证了正解的正确性,给出了该机构的位姿分析的数值仿真实例及图形.     

基于FDFO的反渗透浓水处理试验

针对目前反渗透、膜蒸馏等众多高能耗的苦咸水淡化技术,该研究采用无需加压无需再生的肥料汲取液正渗透技术对苦咸水进行处理。对KCl、KNO_3、NaNO_3、NH_4HCO_3、(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4Cl进行肥料汲取液正渗透(Fertilizer Draw Forward Osmosis,FDFO)单因素试验,通过改变汲取液种类、浓度、温度及原料液浓度,分析正渗透过程的正向水通量和反向盐通量的影响因素。结果表明汲取液种类不同,其正向水通量和反向盐通量差别较大,6种汲取液的正向水通量从大到小依次为KCl、NH_4Cl、NaNO_3、NH_4HCO_3、(NH_4)_2SO_4、KNO_3,反向盐通量为NaNO_3、NH_4HCO_3、KNO_3、KCl、NH_4Cl、(NH_4)_2SO_4。KCl、NH_4Cl的正向水通量最大,反向盐通量较小,因此优先选用KCl和NH_4Cl作为肥料汲取液。改变KCl汲取液的浓度和温度进行正渗透试验。结果表明,2 mol/L的KCl汲取液其正向水通量是0.5 mol/L的3.56倍,55℃条件下的KCl汲取液其正向水通量大约是25℃条件下正向水通量的2倍,因此随着汲取液浓度的增加和温度的升高,正向水通量增加。改变NaNO_3汲取液的浓度和温度进行正渗透试验,结果表明,汲取液浓度从0.5 mol/L增大到2 mol/L,反向盐通量增大了2.94倍,汲取液温度从25℃上升到55℃,反向盐通量增大了1.64倍,因此随着汲取液浓度的增加和温度的升高,反向盐通量增加。     

Aquaculture wastewater treatment and reuse by wind-driven reverse osmosis membrane technology: a pilot study on Coconut Island, Hawaii

Nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater may cause many environmental problems to the receiving water. To protect its pristine coastal water, the State of Hawaii established stringent water quality limits for aquaculture wastewater. Effluents from aquaculture facilities in Hawaii generally exceed these limits—sometimes by one to two orders of magnitude. Development of cost-effective treatment technology would be one of the most important factors for a profitable aquaculture industry in Hawaii. Furthermore, recirculating of aquaculture wastewater is highly desirable for environmental protection and resource conservation. To achieve these goals, a wind-driven reverse osmosis (RO) technology was developed and applied for the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the culture water of tilapia on Coconut Island, the home of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa. A conventional multi-blade windmill is used to convert wind energy directly to hydraulic pressure for RO membrane operation. Aquaculture wastewater passing through the RO membrane is separated into permeate (freshwater) and brine (concentrated wastewater). The permeate is recirculated to the fish tanks, while the brine is collected for possible treatment or reuse. As a result, no wastewater discharge is made to the ambient coastal water. Testing results indicated that the prototype wind-driven RO system can process and recycle freshwater at a flux of 228–366 L/h, depending on wind speed. The nitrogen removal rate ranges from 90% to 97%, and the recovery rate of the RO membrane is about 40–56%. A preliminary cost analysis shows that the production of 1.0 m³ permeate from aquaculture wastewater would cost US$ 4.00. Further study will focus on the reuse of concentrates and on further enhancement of cost-effectiveness.     

发展乡村产业对推动乡村振兴战略的思考

近年来，随着城市化进程的推进，越来越多的人开始选择逃离都市，到乡村发展产业。本文概述了什么是乡村产业、乡村产业所面临的发展机遇、如何发展号乡村产业和发展乡村产业需把握的问题，并展望了推动乡村振兴战略的一些思路。     

番茄长花柱品系T431低温胁迫下正向差减文库的构建及ESTs分析

本研究以番茄长花柱品系T431为材料利用抑制性消减杂交技术(Suppression Subtractive Hybridization,SSH)构建了低温胁迫下的番茄长花柱突变体SSH cDNA正向差减文库,获得398个阳性克隆.经菌液PCR和Reverse Northern Blot杂交方法结合剔除假阳性,利用BLAST在GenBank数据库进行序列相似性比对,获得有功能的ESTs 173个.通过对所获得的ESTs序列进行功能分类发现,其中参与初级代谢、能量代谢、抗病/防御反应和信号传导等过程的基因相对较多.此外,还有一些基因参与植物体内蛋白质合成与加工、物质运输、转运调控与生殖发育等过程.     

Successful treatment of persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate and evaluation of laryngohyoid position in 15 racehorses

Reasons for performing study: Caudal descent of the larynx has been proposed to be associated with intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) as it leads to a loss of the seal between the epiglottis and soft palate but further investigation of this theory is required. Objectives: To evaluate laryngohyoid position of horses with persistent DDSP in comparison to horses with intermittent DDSP and evaluate the outcome of treatment. Hypotheses: Horses with persistent DDSP have a different laryngohyoid position compared to those with intermittent DDSP. Horses with persistent DDSP can be returned successfully to racing with a laryngeal tie‐forward procedure. Methods: Medical records of 15 racehorses presented for persistent DDSP between 2002 and 2007 were reviewed. Age, sex and breed matched horses diagnosed with intermittent DDSP were used as a comparison group. Treatment of all horses was performed by laryngeal tie‐forward, 8/15 horses with persistent DDSP had a subsequent laser staphylectomy. Preoperative laryngohyoid position was compared between the 2 groups using a radiographic reference system. Surgical effect on position was assessed by comparing pre‐ and post operative radiographic measurements. Outcome was assessed by return to racing and comparison of pre‐ and post operative race earnings ($). Results: Thirteen of 15 horses with persistent DDSP returned to racing. Seven of 15 horses were treated with laryngeal tie‐forward alone while 8/15 horses were also treated with a laser staphylectomy. Horses with persistent DDSP had a more caudal larynx (ossification of the thyroid cartilage) (13 mm, P = 0.014), a more caudal (10 mm, P = 0.044) and dorsal (7 mm, P = 0.01) basihyoid bone, and a more dorsal thyrohyoid‐thyroid articulation (10 mm, P = 0.002) than horses with intermittent DDSP. Conclusions and potential relevance: Racehorses with persistent DDSP can be treated successfully by laryngeal tie‐forward or by laryngeal tie‐forward followed by laser staphylectomy. Horses with persistent DDSP have a more caudal larynx and more caudal and dorsal basihyoid bone than horses with intermittent DDSP.     

不同NaCl胁迫对苗期扁蓿豆渗透调节物质及光合生理的影响

采用盆栽法研究不同浓度NaCl(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mmol/L)胁迫对扁蓿豆苗期有机渗透调节物质及光合参数的影响。结果表明,相同胁迫天数下,随盐浓度的升高。扁蓿豆可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量呈降低趋势,脯氨酸含量呈升高趋势。各个观测期和浓度之间存在差异,胁迫第7 和14天,300 mmol/L浓度下可溶性蛋白含量显著低于对照(P<0.05);胁迫第7,14和21天,50~100 mmol/L浓度下,可溶性糖含量明显高于对照,但胁迫第28天,250~300 mmol/L浓度处理显著低于对照(P<0.05)。胁迫第7天,150~300 mmol/L浓度处理、胁迫第14天,200~300 mmol/L浓度处理、胁迫第21天,250~300 mmol/L浓度处理扁蓿豆脯氨酸含量均分别显著高于对照及其他处理(P<0.05)。可见,盐胁迫下,扁蓿豆产生的3 种渗透调节物质调节方式不同,盐胁迫对扁蓿豆幼苗的抑制程度与盐浓度、胁迫时间呈正比。不同的胁迫浓度和胁迫时间,扁蓿豆3 个观测期光合参数变化不尽相同。胁迫第14天,叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)随盐浓度的升高呈先上升后降低的趋势。50~100 mmol/L浓度处理P_n、T_r和G_s显著高于对照,但300 mmol/L浓度处理P_n和T_r显著低于对照及其他处理(P<0.05)。胁迫第28天,4 个光合参数随盐浓度的升高而降低。叶片气孔限制值(L_s)和水分利用效率(WUE)在胁迫14 和28 d时,变化规律一致,随盐浓度的升高呈上升趋势。     

一种对虾头尾与背腹定向装置的设计与试验

为了解决对虾在机械自动化剥壳过程中定向难的问题,作者设计了一种对虾头尾与背腹定向装置。根据对虾的体型特征,分别利用倾斜布置的V型滑槽和曲型面滑道实现对虾的头尾定向和背腹定向,并进行了原理分析。针对分级后长度为110~130mm的新鲜南美白对虾进行了试验研究,结果表明利用V型槽进行对虾头尾定向的成功率达到了99.4%,利用曲型面滑道进行对虾背腹定向成功率达到了89%,定向装置原理合理,方法可行。研究结果可为对虾机械自动化剥壳加工中定向连续喂料设备的产品开发提供技术依据。