Human serum albumin interaction with paraquat studied using spectroscopic methods

The interaction between herbicide paraquat and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Paraquat can strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by static quenching and nonradiative energy transferring; The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex. The binding site number n and apparent binding constant K_A, corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, ΔS at different temperatures, were calculated. The distance r between donor (HSA) and acceptor (paraquat) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The effect of paraquat on the conformation of HSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪肌动蛋白的基因序列设计合成了引物和探针,通过对荧光定量RT-PCR反应条件的优化,建立了TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测TGEV的方法。同时对37份现地病料进行检测并与常规RT-PCR方法、TGEV抗原快速检测试剂盒比较。结果,该方法的检测敏感性达到15.3拷贝/μL,且具有很好的特异性和重复性,而常规RT-PCR方法只能检测到1.53×103拷贝/μL。对37份现地病料的检测结果也表明该法(检出17份)比常规RT-PCR方法(检出12份)和TGEV抗原快速检测试剂盒(免疫层析法,检出10份)的敏感性高。     

遮光对青榨械光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了遮光15％、35％、50％和全光照处理对青榨槭新梢生长、叶片色素含量、净光合速率以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明，随着遮光度增加，叶片色素含量增加，叶绿素a／b减小；叶片净光合速率（Pn）、初始荧光（Fo）、原初光能转化效率（Fv／Fm）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）增加，但非光化学猝灭系数（qN）降低。全光照和遮光15％处理条件下，Pn日变化呈双峰曲线，而35％和50％处理条件下呈单峰曲线；遮光35％和50％处理条件下Fv／Fm日变化幅度较小，15％和全光照处理条件下Fv／Fm日变化呈先上升后下降再上升趋势。50％遮光处理青榨槭幼苗Pn最高，新梢年生长量最大，可在育苗生产中应用。     

抗病毒剂对烟草花叶病毒与烟草叶绿体互作的影响

通过测试被烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）侵染的烟叶片叶绿素含量与荧光光谱特征的变化,发现叶绿素含量随ＴＭＶ侵染时间的延长而降低,Ｆ６８５／Ｆ７４０比值随ＴＭＶ侵染时间的延长而增加。用叶绿素含量、荧光光谱特征可作为筛选抗植物病毒剂的指标。实验结果表明：８种植物抽提物中,紫草、月季抽提物抑制ＴＭＶ与叶绿体的结合活性高。     

低温胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的影响

低温处理使温州蜜柑叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、光合表观量子效率及光合作用的光饱和光强和ＣＯ２饱和浓度降低,细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度、光补偿点和ＣＯ２补偿点提高。虽然１０℃处理植株数小时后即出现光合速率下降,但叶绿素荧光测定结果显示,只有在３℃低温处理后,反映光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值和Ｔ１／２才有较明显下降,而Ｆ０则明显升高。低温在３０～４０μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１弱光下对光合的影响明显大于黑暗下。     

Comparative Study of Nutrient Deficiencies on Growth and Photochemistry of Tobacco

Abstract

Element deficiencies, such as molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), lead to disturbances of morphological and physiological processes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). On exposure to nutrient solution without Mo, leaf morphology was significantly affected, whereas photosynthetic processes conserved their normal activities. The decreased Mo, Fe, and Ca concentrations in tobacco were associated with loss of pigments and photosynthetic disturbances. In Ca‐deficient plants a reduction in the rate constant of energy trapping by PSII centers and a physical dissociation of LHC from PSII core, were observed. The poisonous action of Fe and Ca deficiencies focused mainly in the decreased proportion of active chlorophyll associated with the reaction center (RC) of PSII (decreased F _v /F ₀) and in the declined total number of electrons that have gone through the RCs (decreased Area/F _m  ? F ₀). In parallel, the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient was significantly enhanced in Fe and Ca‐deficient plants, but remained unchanged in Mo‐deficient plants. It is obvious that nutrient deficiency may trigger some protective mechanisms in order to PSII could maintain its activity under that type of stress.     

Characterizing Submergence Survival Strategy in Rice Via Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Rice plants cope with flash floods using either an ‘escape strategy’ involving rapid shoot elongation or a ‘quiescence strategy’ involving survival underwater with minimal activity. To clarify the differences in the response of leaf photosynthesis properties to conditions during and after submergence, two rice cultivars were compared: a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar IR 67520‐B‐14‐1‐3‐2‐2 (IR67520) and a shoot‐elongating cultivar IR72442‐6B‐3‐2‐1‐1 (IR72442). Twenty‐three‐day‐old seedlings were submerged in 80‐cm‐deep water for 14 days. During submergence, the chlorophyll contents of the upper fully expanded leaf (5th leaf) and newly developed leaf later (6th leaf) and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) of the fifth leaf decreased earlier in IR72442 than in IR67520. In the submerged sixth leaf, F_v/F_m was higher in IR72442 than in IR67520 at early measurement. Although F_v/F_m of the sixth leaf in submerged IR67520 increased substantially from 2 days post‐submergence, IR72442 decreased because of leaf chlorosis. Therefore, a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar coped with submergence by inhibiting photodamage and maintaining high chlorophyll content in the leaves. The shoot‐elongating cultivar was able to maintain the photosynthetic capacity of the newly developed leaf during submergence by prompt reduction of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaf that developed before submergence.     

影响简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)测量精度因素分析

控制在用车的排放已经成为共识,国家标准规定了几种在用汽车排放的测量方法,简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)是其中之一.给出了简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)检测设备系统的组成和测量原理,从设备自身、被检车辆、人为因素、燃油品质和周围环境等几个方面分析了影响简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)测量精度的因素.     

黄金梨和鸭梨叶片光合作用的光抑制及其恢复的比较研究

 以黄金梨和鸭梨的连体和离体叶片为研究材料, 在自然光强和模拟光强下测定光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明: 黄金梨和鸭梨连体叶片经午间强光处理后, 净光合速率( P_n) 、表观量子效率(AQY) 和光系统Ⅱ ( PSⅡ) 的光化学效率(F_v /F_m ) 降低, 初始荧光( F_o ) 升高, 且其降低或升高的幅度随着光强的增强而加大, 说明强光胁迫使叶片发生了光抑制; 黄金梨和鸭梨离体叶片的光抑制程度均随着强光照射时间的延长而加重, 但是在光强减弱或在弱光下恢复2～4 h, 均可基本恢复到正常值, 说明仅强光引起的光抑制是可逆的; 对DTT处理的叶片进行强光处理, 其F_v/F_m比未吸入DTT的叶片低, F_o比对照高, 说明依靠叶黄素循环进行热耗散是梨树叶片防御强光破坏光合机构的重要途径之一; 黄金梨对强光胁迫的忍耐能力和恢复能力较鸭梨弱, 说明梨树光抑制程度品种间有差异。     

茄子离体叶片光系统Ⅱ的冷激胁迫效应及热力学分析

 以耐冷性较强的短把黑圆茄和耐热性较强的黑帅圆茄为试材，经冷激胁迫后采用植物效率仪PEA，进行快速叶绿素荧光参数测定，并利用最大光化学效率Fv/F m和活性中心RC/CSo的标准状态变性自由能变△GD进行PSⅡ冷稳定性的热力学分析。随着冷激胁迫温度的降低和时间的延长，PSⅡ的Fv/Fm、实际光化学效率ΔF/Fm′、RC/CSo呈"S"型下降趋势；单位反应中心DIo/RC和非光化学猝灭qN呈"S"型上升趋势；综合分析反映出冷激胁迫下PSⅡ反应中心的可逆失活和依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散的双重机制在保护PSⅡ防止光抑制中起到重要作用。另外，通过两品种间PSⅡ行为差异，引入了两组新的参数作为便于直观比较冷胁迫的评价指标。黑帅圆茄Fv/Fm、ΔF/Fm＇的半衰温度T1/2和t1/2值分别高于短把黑圆茄1.4 ℃和0.8 ℃。茄子叶片Fv/Fm和RC/CSo的△GD随着冷激胁迫温度的降低而减少呈瀑布型的下降趋势。黑帅圆茄的△GD值和变性中点温度Tm都低于短把黑圆茄。它们均反映出黑帅圆茄的耐冷性低于短把黑圆茄。