温湿度条件与凯特杧两性花百分率关系的研究

为探索温湿度条件与杜果两性花百分率的关系，以“凯特杜”为研究对象，以两性花百分率为方程依变量，55个温湿度因子为自变量，应用数理统计方法分析了两者的相关关系。结果表明：“凯特柱”是两性花百分率较高的品种，随花期延后，温度增高，两性花百分率提高；花器官主要分化期自开花前30d开始至花前1d结束；两性花百分率受花器官主要分化期日均高温、日均温、日均低温和日积温的影响，四者的影响规律相似。花前21～30d、11～15d、1～5d的日均高温、日均温、日均低温、日积温以及花前6～１０d的日均温、日均低温、日积温与两性花百分率为直线相关，随温度增高，两性花百分率提高；花前16～20d的日均高温、日均温、日均低温、日积温以及花前6～１０d的日均高温与两性花百分率为多项式线性相关，温度由低升高两性花百分率提高，但超过一定温度则降低。花器官主要分化期全程的日均空气湿度均对两性花百分率有影响，但最敏感时期为花前11～20d。由此认为，“凯特杜”小花子房退化与花器官主要分化期所处的温湿度环境密切相关，适当高的温湿度有利于子房的发育和两性花百分率的提高。     

储粮害虫防治 新方法—生物防治法

文章对生物防治储粮害进行叙述。该方法包括：培育抗虫作物品种、释放寄生性和捕食性昆虫、不育昆虫的释放，应用昆虫生长调节剂，以及信息素和病原体一起使用。     

Verification of the parthenogenetic capability of unreduced eggs in an alfalfa mutant by a progeny test based on morphological and molecular markers

Apomixis involves the parthenogenetic development of apomeiotic eggs. It has the potential of cloning plants through seed, and thus furnishes a unique opportunity in breeding of allogamous sexual species, such as alfalfa, for developing superior cultivars with permanently fixed heterosis. Apomixis as a whole has not been detected in the genus Medicago, but components of apomixis have been reported. The formation of unreduced eggs through diplosporic meiosis was documented in a diploid mutant of M. saliva ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang., named PG-F9. Since in facultative apomictic species non-reductional meiosis and parthenogenesis could be tightly associated processes, a progeny test based on morphological trait and molecular marker evaluation was carried out to verify the occurrence of parthenogenesis in PG-F9. Morphological traits such as leaf shape, stipule form, stem pigmentation and flower colour were shown to be effective in the preliminary screening of progenies and most of the plants were classified as non-maternal (i.e. from sexual reproduction). Molecular investigations by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprint and heterozygous restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci detection conducted on the progenies classified morphologically as maternal allowed two plants, molecularly similar but not identical to PG-F9, to be discovered. Owing to the high number of molecular markers conserved as in the mother plant, and because of the great discriminating efficiency of the primers and probes used, these progeny plants could most likely be generated through parthenogenesis of diplosporic eggs. In fact, the extraordinary preservation of maternal morphological traits and genomic loci over one generation may be explained only if apomictic reproductive events rarely took place in PG-F9.     

Genetic control of flowering time and its component processes in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

Summary The inheritance of flowering time and its component processes, vernalization and photoperiod response, were studied in two crosses of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) using a field sowing and four controlled environment sowings with different combinations of vernalization and photoperiod. Time to flowering was under polygenic control and was highly heritable. For both vernalization and photoperiod response, there was dominance for a low response, or earliness. A simple genetic control was indicated for photoperiod response. The results for vernalization response were not clear cut, although the character appeared to be under polygenic control. An interaction between vernalization and photoperiod response was evident in three of the four cultivars studied. This made it impossible to separate the effect of these two component processes and complicated the study of their inheritance. Node of first flower on the main stem was closely related to flowering time and its use led to similar conclusions in the inheritance studies.     

中国烟草仓库昆虫名录

列出了我国烟草仓库昆虫名录。共计４６种，其中烟草仓库害虫３７种（包括蛛形纲２种，甲壳纲１种）；天敌类９种（包括蛛形纲２种）。     

浅议梅花造景

梅花具有多种优良的品性,不仅姿态美好,寓意深远,而且易于栽培,是园林设计中的常用花木。该文从梅花生态习性、品种分类、梅花文化欣赏及其与园林其他元素搭配的角度,初步探讨和总结了梅花的造景方法。     

杭州地区尸食性昆虫种类与生物学特性的初步研究

通过在杭州地区室内外选点放置猪尸诱集，共鉴定出３目１２科３０种昆虫．其中双翅目Ｄｉｐｔｅｒａ５科１２种、鞘翅目Ｃｏｌｅｏｐｔｅｒａ６科１６种、膜翅目Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｐｔｅｒａ１科２种．此外尚有部分种类有待鉴定．对其中４种主要尸食性昆虫，即巨尾阿丽蝇Ａｌｄｒｉｃｈｉｎａｇｒａｈａｍｉ、丝光绿蝇Ｌｕｃｉｌｉａｓｅｒ－ｉｃａｔａ、肥须亚麻蝇Ｐａｒａｓａｒｃｏｐｈａｇａｃｒａｓｉｐａｌｐｉｓ和白腹皮蠹Ｄｅｒｍｅｓｔｅｓｍａｃｕｌａｔｕｓ的生物学进行了饲养观察     

玫瑰花的微波真空干燥试验

为了提高玫瑰干花品质,减少干燥时间。该研究通过试验性微波真空干燥设备对玫瑰花进行干燥,比较了不同真空度和微波功率对玫瑰干花品质的影响。研究结果表明,真空度越高,物料内水分蒸腾而干燥的速度越快,物料温升越低。随着微波功率增加,干燥时间大大缩短。综合考虑玫瑰干花干燥时间、温度、形态变化和颜色等指标,并与热风干燥相比,选择真空度0.10 MPa,微波功率200 W,干燥时间80 min的微波真空干燥工艺为较适宜的干燥条件,研究结果为玫瑰花的干燥和工业化生产提供一定的理论依据。     

Effect of the expression level of an AGAMOUS-like gene on the petaloidy of stamens in the double-flowered lily, ‘Elodie’

Double-flowered lilies, in which stamens are converted to petaloid organs, are valuable for horticulturists. ‘Elodie’ is a double-flowered lily cultivar in which stamens are homeotically converted into petaloid organs in whorl 3. The ‘Elodie’ cultivar shows individual variation in stamen structure and it was therefore classified into the following three types according to the strength of petaloidy of the stamens: weak (type-I), intermediate (type-II), and strong (type-III) phenotypes. The AGAMOUS (AG) gene is a class C floral identity gene in Arabidopsis thaliana that is involved in the formation of stamens and carpels. An AG-like gene was isolated from ‘Elodie’ (LelAG1) and its expression was compared between flower types. The LelAG1 gene was expressed in whorls 3 and 4, but not in whorls 1 and 2 in all flower types. In type-I flowers, LelAG1 was expressed strongly in whorls 3 and 4, while its expression was significantly decreased in whorl 3 in type-III flowers. In type-II intermediate phenotype flowers, the expression level of LelAG1 in whorl 3 was reduced by 60%. These results suggest that the expression level of AG-like genes is correlated with the degree of petaloidy of the stamens.     

芸薹种作物开花相关基因BrFLC2的InDel标记

 以具有不同开花习性的9份芸薹种作物为试材,根据开花相关基因BrFLC2序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,发现9份材料均获得约1 400 bp的片段。通过克隆测序分析发现9份材料存在片段大小差异,因此开发了与此相关的BrFLC2的InDel标记。通过对来自8个不同栽培种群的146份自然群体材料的基因型检测与开花时间的相关性分析发现：开花时间早晚与BrFLC2的InDel的基因型显著相关（r = 0.412,P < 0.01）。Del基因型材料开花时间（平均71 d）明显比In基因型（平均109 d）早。研究证明该标记与开花时间表型显著相关,可以用来进行分子标记辅助选择育种。