明渠测流及量水槽精度的鉴定

水的逐步商品化要求供水计量精度得到保证，特别是大流量的农业灌溉或工业供水尤显重要。大水港灌溉工程高干渠渠首无喉道量水槽的量水精度，采用明渠测流法进行精度鉴定，并在定量定性的基础上，评定量水槽的适用性。     

基于林分空间结构分析方法的土壤大孔隙空间结构研究

土壤大孔隙的形成和分布具有重要的生态学意义,但尚未有研究者利用生态学方法研究其空间结构。以三峡库区紫色砂岩区的3种典型土地利用类型下的土壤大孔隙为研究对象,将图像处理技术与林分空间结构分析方法相结合,从形态学和生态学角度量化分析土壤大孔隙的空间结构。结果表明:3种土地利用类型的土壤大孔隙形状、空间结构复杂程度高,空间分布格局随土壤深度的增加均呈聚集分布趋势,且深层土壤的大孔隙组成较表层单一,其中草地最明显,大孔隙发育程度均随土壤深度的增加而降低;3种土地利用类型的土壤优先流发育程度由大到小为:草地、果园、农地,同一土地利用类型不同孔径范围的大孔隙所形成的优先路径的连通性、导水性和发育程度由大到小依次为:草地孔径范围[5.0 mm,∞)、[2.5 mm,5.0 mm)、[1.0 mm,2.5 mm)、(0,1.0 mm),农地和果园孔径范围[1.0 mm,2.5 mm)、[2.5 mm,5.0 mm)、(0,1.0 mm)、[5.0 mm,∞);将林分空间结构分析方法与土壤大孔隙位置密度分布、大孔隙变异度和复杂度指标进行对比,并与以往研究土壤大孔隙空间结构的方法进行比较,所得结果相同,证明该方法可以用于土壤大孔隙空间结构的分析和研究。林分空间结构分析方法简单易行,从生态学的角度完善了大孔隙空间结构的分析,弥补了目前基于物理化学方法在大孔隙结构理论分析的不足,进一步揭示了土壤大孔隙空间结构形成和分布的原因。     

自动化综合实验网络系统的构建与应用

介绍了实验室现有的多个实验工艺流程装置以及控制系统的特点,描述了在实验室环境中应用常规控制系统、集散控制系统、现场总线控制系统与工业以太网控制系统实现对多个工艺流程装置的自动控制,以及研究自动化综合实验网络的构建、智能控制理论与方法的运用和教学实践的应用.     

任意形状均质地基二维渗流的可视

为了能够非常迅速和方便地分析网络生成质量和计算结果本身，使渗流分析过程简化，利用Matlab操作平台，将几何数据与数学模型参数、网格生成、渗流计算以及计算结果显示一体化，建立了具有GUI的任意形状地基渗流计算模型。介绍了网格生成方法、平面渗流的数学模型、渗流计算可视化编程、计算与实验的对比。     

宽顶堰上平板闸门水力计算的探讨

根据平板闸门水流条件对流量系数的影响，对闸门的水流条件进行分类，通过试验研究，对平板闸门流量系数计算公式的适用条件进行了较为细致的讨论并加以分类，使闸门的水力计算更加清晰、准确，为工程计算提供了参考和依据。     

一个山区农场生态农业系统的分析与评价

供试农场生态农业系统由加工业，牲猪，沼气池，桔园，鱼池和农田６个系统组成。本文运用“黑箱理论”和方法，对６个子系统的投入能量，产出能量，能量效益及投能结构进行了分析。全系统的能量产投科为０．８１，光能利用率为１．５５％，产品能与总投能之比为３７．８％，单位产值含能量为１８８．３ＧＪ／万元，系统投入的有机能占总投能的９５％。从系统的Ｎ素循环和动态平衡分析表明：农田，桔园的Ｎ素输入均大于输出，Ｎ素处于     

有机培肥土壤对优势流中养分淋失的影响

为研究有机培肥对土壤优势流中养分淋失的影响,采用原状土柱模拟淋溶的方法,对土壤优势流中养分淋失的情况进行研究.结果表明,土壤经有机培肥后,明显降低了优势流中各种养分的淋失速度,从而使养分的淋失总量减少,为未施秸秆处理的1/3左右.有机培肥土壤对于淋溶液中养分浓度的影响表现为,在淋溶液中养分浓度总体降低的同时,各种养分的浓度降低的幅度又有所不同,其中对水溶性K和铵离子的效果最明显,而对硝态氮（NO-3-N）保持作用则相对差些.上述结果说明,有机培肥对减少土壤优势流造成的土壤养分淋失以及降低地下水污染都有一定的作用.     

小型太阳能直流水泵的性能测试研究

自行配置了一套小型太阳能直流水泵,该设备具有装置简单、经济成本低、稳定性好及实用等优点,并在昆明地区进行了性能测试研究。其测试结果表明:辐照度大于450W/m2时该设备运行良好,并且提水高度在0～30m时较适用。可用于阳光充足无电力地区的深井取水、农作物灌溉、及河流、水库、水渠等提水工程。     

Salinity and geomorphology drive long‐term changes to local and regional fish assemblage attributes in the lower Pecos River,Texas

River systems throughout arid regions worldwide have been heavily impacted by human activities, resulting in long‐term ecological consequences. The lower Pecos River in the Trans‐Pecos region of Texas is no exception, having undergone anthropogenic changes that include decreased flow, elevated salinity, species loss and species invasion. We compared historical and contemporary fish assemblage attributes from the Pecos River at local (site‐specific) and regional (Trans‐Pecos region) scales across a 24‐year time period. Fish assemblage data were collected in October 1987 and 2011, by seining at 15 sites spanning 430 km of the river in Texas. Additionally, we examined contemporary environmental conditions to determine species–environment relationships. We found that fish assemblages were significantly different between time periods, likely due to increased salinisation in the upper half of the study region. Decreased species richness, species replacement and increases in euryhaline species were documented in the upstream sites. Freshwater springs lower the salinity and maintain flows in the downstream reach, allowing for maintenance of the native fish fauna. Careful management of regional aquifers, irrigation practices and petroleum waste water will be necessary for protecting biodiversity and environmental flows in the lower Pecos River.     

The role of flow dependency and water availability in fish assemblage homogenization in tributaries of the Chattahoochee River,Alabama, USA

The availability of water is becoming more variable as flow regime alterations intensify both locally and on a global scale. This pattern has been observed in the tributaries of the central Chattahoochee River System as water withdrawal and natural drought have caused flows to diminish. Stream discharge has steadily decreased in the study area by 31% over the last 50 years, and during this time, fish assemblage homogenization has occurred throughout the system. Our primary objective was to assess whether spawning mode and water availability are catalysts for fish assemblage change in tributaries of the Chattahoochee River System. We found that species which prefer or have adapted to low flow conditions (e.g. blacktail shiner Cyprinella venusta, redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus and blackbanded darter Percina nigrofasciata) are becoming dominant and replacing historically dominant fluvial specialists. When examining short‐term changes between a dry year (2009) and a wet year (2010), some species preferring higher flows such as the highscale shiner Notropis hypsilepis were detected during the wet year, suggesting that the amount of water is important for the presence of these species in upstream reaches where they were historically abundant. Species that can reproduce successfully in low flow conditions are thriving and expanding their native ranges as more habitat becomes suitable. Species that require higher flows for part of their life cycle, however, appear to be declining from upstream areas as water availability continues to decrease, despite temporary recovery from downstream refugia during wet years.