The effect of approach direction and pace on flight distance of beef breeding cows

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of approach direction and pace on flight distance of beef breeding cows. Five Japanese Black breeding cows were used as experimental cattle. Three approach directions were tested; that were the approach toward the head of the test cow from the front direction (FRONT), the approach toward to the foreleg of the test cow from the right or left (SIDE) and the approach toward to hind‐leg of the test cow diagonally from the right or left rear (BACK). Three levels of approach pace were also tested; that were the approach at a pace of 7 km/h, the approach at a pace of 4 km/h, and the approach at a pace of 1 km/h. The shortest distance between observer and cow's at the moment of the cow's withdrawal was defined as the flight distance. The flight distance in FRONT was significantly shorter than that in SIDE. The effect of the approach pace was significant. The faster an observer approached to cow, the greater the flight distance shown by the cow. The manner of approach to cattle markedly affects the flight distance. Therefore, the manner of approach to cattle must be standardized to measure flight distance for sharing results obtained by several researchers under various conditions.     

高分辨四极杆飞行时间质谱仪判别复原乳和超高温灭菌乳

采用高分辨四极杆飞行时间质谱仪,结合化学计量学方法,利用非靶向代谢组学方法,对超高温灭菌乳和复原乳进行检测。牛乳样品经过前处理后,经过C18色谱柱分离,采用FullScan模式进行一级全扫描,扫描结果通过数据预处理后,导入SIMCA-P14.1软件中进行主成分分析和偏最小二乘方差判别分析。结果表明:正、负离子模式下共找到14种判别超高温灭菌乳和复原乳的表征因子,进一步通过这14种表征因子建立区分2种乳的判别模型,通过该判别模型能够准确地区分超高温灭菌乳和复原乳,为复原乳的判别提供理论依据。     

Invertebrate drift densities in the Njoro and Kamweti Rivers in the Kenyan highlands that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances

Invertebrate drift is one of several fundamental ecological processes in streams. However, little is known about the dynamics of invertebrate drift in Kenyan streams. In this study, we assessed invertebrate drift in two rivers, i.e. Njoro and Kamweti, that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances, between February and March, 2016. The aim was to evaluate the effect of river sampling duration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and sampling period (day or night) on invertebrate drift densities. The 5-minute sampling period resulted in significantly higher mean drift densities than the other time intervals in both rivers. The highest mean drift density (2.0 ± 0.9 individuals m^?3) was recorded at the Njoro River during the day, whereas the lowest drift density (0.3 ± 0.2 individuals m^?3) was recorded at the Kamweti River during the day. A strong nocturnal drift pattern was noted at the less disturbed river (Kamweti). The present results suggest that anthropogenic perturbations influence invertebrate drift densities, and sampling duration and sampling period are important factors to consider when sampling invertebrate drift.     

温湿度对亚洲小车蝗飞行能力及主要能源物质利用的影响

本研究采用昆虫飞行数据微机采集系统(飞行磨)吊飞方法,测定了温、湿度对10日龄亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)雌雄成虫的飞行能力及主要能源物质利用的影响。结果表明,在环境温度为28℃、相对湿度(RH)为60%时,10日龄亚洲小车蝗成虫表现出最优的飞行能力,单个个体的最大飞行时间、最大飞行距离和最大飞行速度分别可达1.62h、9.87 km和2.03 km·h~(-1)。在温度16℃以下或28℃以上,其飞行能力明显降低。在40%~80%RH时,成虫均能进行正常的飞行活动。环境温、湿度会显著影响亚洲小车蝗成虫飞行能源物质的消耗情况(P0.05)。在最适的温、湿度条件下,小车蝗飞行所需的能源物质(甘油三酯)最少,其飞行单位距离消耗的甘油三酯也最低,能源利用效率最高。较高或较低的温、湿度条件,能源物质的消耗都显著高于最适条件。飞行能源物质利用效率的不同是导致其在不同温、湿度下飞行能力产生差异的主要原因之一。     

残膜对土壤水分渗吸过程中湿润锋的影响

采用室内水分渗吸试验,通过设置6个残膜面积水平,分别为0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00,4.00,8.00 cm2,和4个残膜密度水平,分别为60,180,300,420 kg/hm2,以无膜作对照,共25组试验处理,分析了不同残膜密度及尺寸对湿润锋的运移的影响.分析结果显示,在容重为1.53 g/cm3的黏壤土...     

极早熟西瓜秀丽生育特性观察及栽培技术

极早熟西瓜秀丽系杂交一代。经系统观察探明,该品种从播种育苗至果实成熟全生育期８０ｄ左右,从雌花开放到果实成熟需２５～２６ｄ。第１雌花位于８～１１节,第２雌花位于１７～２０节。可溶性固形物达到１３．４％。叶片生长速度在新叶展开８ｄ内最快,茎蔓抽生速度在子蔓８片叶进入快速生长期,果实膨大和可溶性固形物积累速度在座果后７～２１ｄ最快。同时,研究了秀丽西瓜的关键栽培技术。     

早晚熟夏大豆品种花荚形成的比较

通过对１７个有限、亚有限型夏大豆品种的研究结果,鼓粒前的花荚期长短是选择夏大豆品种生育期长短的重要因素。不同熟期类型品种间生殖器官发育规律存在差异,早熟品种较晚熟品种花、荚形成发育快、时间短、脱落也快。当早熟品种生育重心进入鼓粒前的中、大荚形成发育过程中（相当于Ｒ４阶段）时,晚熟品种的相对时期还处在花和幼小英     

回-直肠吻合猪术后不同时间对氨基酸消化率测值的影响

回－直肠吻合术是收集回肠末端食糜的一种简捷、实用的方法,近年来被越来越多地用于饲料氨基酸消化率的测定〔１〕。回－直肠吻合手术以后,荷术猪（ｈｏｓｔｓｗｉｎｅ）的手术应激是客观存在的。随着术后时间的延长,荷术猪的日龄和体重都在增加。这些变化对猪饲料氨基酸消化率的测定结果有无影响、程度如何,直接决定着回－直肠吻合猪用于氨基酸消化率评定时的使用寿命。为此,本试验研究了回－直肠吻合猪术后不同时间对氨基酸消化率的测值,探讨其变化规律,为其在评定饲料氨基酸生物学效价时更客观、合理地使用提供理论依据。１　材料…     

西双版纳林缘不同方位林墙太阳辐射特征

文章利用坡面太阳辐射理论,计算分析了西双版纳林缘不同方位墙的日照时数和天文辐射量,并讨论了其随方位和季节的变化规律。结果表明：（１）西双版纳林缘不同方位林墙可照时数一般都比水平面少,只有南向,北向林墙部分时间内可照时间与面相同;（２）西双版纳位于北回归线以南。每年太阳两次通过天顶,夏半年一般是北向林墙可照时间最长,东西向林墙次之,南向林墙最短;冬半年南向林墙可照时间最长。