马尾松无性系种子园花期花量分析

调查了广西覃塘林场马尾松无性系种子园的花期和花量，着重探讨花期和花量对种子生产与子代群体遗传结构的影响。结果认为；无性系间和分株间的花期并不完全一致，但存在一程度的同步性。进入正常结实期的种子园存在“花粉相对不足”问题。少数几个无性系的雄球花或雌球花园内主占主导地位使种子园种子的遗传基础面临变窄的问题。     

安哥拉山羊和中卫山羊杂种一代羊放牧行为观测

 对安哥拉山羊和中卫山羊杂交一代山羊的行为学特性进行连续24 h跟踪观察,发现安中F₁代羊春季放牧采食(562.45±25.44)min,反刍时间(357.67±34.57)min,卧息时间(283.25±26.04)min,静立(78.83±25.25)min,游走(128.00±13.14)min,其它行为(29.80±5.04)min。采食全部发生在白天放牧期间,卧息全在夜间,游走以白天居多,而反刍以夜间为盛。反刍与放牧采食时间之比为0.64∶1。安中F₁代山羊采食能力强,放牧性能好。研究结果可为杂种羊的培育和饲养管理提供参考。     

嫁接在杨树远缘杂交育种上的应用研究

为了在吉林省西部地区选育出耐盐碱性强,又能无性扦插育苗进行快速繁殖的杨树新品种,选用了白杨派的银新杨作母本与青杨派的小叶杨为父本进行远缘杂交育种,但两派之间杂交不亲和。为解决这一问题,进行了先嫁接再杂交的育种方法。试验表明,此方法在一定程度上提高了远缘杂交的结实率,而且杂种苗具有明显的父母本双亲的性状,为杨树新品种培育开辟了新的途径。     

‘槟榔芋’和‘香沙芋’母芋与子芋淀粉形态和理化性质的比较

以魁芋类的‘槟榔芋’和多子芋类的‘香沙芋’为材料,运用扫描电镜、X–射线衍射和快速黏度分析等技术比较研究了两个芋品种的母芋和子芋中淀粉的理化性质的差异。结果表明:‘槟榔芋’母芋淀粉的平均粒径大于子芋,‘香沙芋’相反。两种芋的母芋表观直链淀粉含量和淀粉颗粒外部有序度均高于其子芋。在加热过程中,两种芋的母芋和子芋淀粉的膨胀势在75℃后产生显著变化,在95℃时母芋淀粉的膨胀势大于子芋。和子芋淀粉相比,‘槟榔芋’母芋淀粉具有较高的峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值,而‘香沙芋’相反。两种芋的母芋淀粉的最终水解程度均大于其子芋。以上结果表明,两个芋品种的母芋和子芋淀粉的形态、组成和理化性质方面均存在明显差异,这将为芋淀粉在食品和非食品行业中的应用提供参考依据。     

兴国红鲤和散鳞镜鲤杂种优势的RAPD分析

运用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ方法对兴国红鲤,苏联镜鲤,德国镜锂及它们的杂交后代进行遗传分析。结果表明：兴国红鲤与苏联镜锂的杂交子一代接受双亲的遗传物质是相等的,而兴国红鲤与德国镜鲤的杂交子一代接受父本的遗传物质稍多一次。计算了两组杂交子一代的多态性位点比例和平均杂合度,兴国红鲤和苏联镜锂杂种一代的多态性位点比例为０．３６８４,平均杂合度０．１４８７;兴国红鲤与德国镜鲤杂种一代的多态性位点比例为０．３７３     

Filial Cannibalism in the Swordtail Xiphophorus Helleri (Poeciliidae)

To understand behaviour during filial cannibalism in swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri), the parturition behaviour of eight individually kept females was recorded on videotape. Three levels of female activity (low, medium and high) were quantified by measuring the duration of each. Four additional behavioural events (non-cannibalistic feeding, as well as the birth, attack and cannibalism of juveniles) were quantified by determining the frequency of each. Females gave birth most frequently at a low level of activity and at this level of activity they most often gave birth at the top of the tank. Of all the attacks by females on the young, 84.4% occurred in the light. Most attacks were recorded at the bottom of the tank and 84.0% of all cannibalism occurred at the bottom. Cannibalism was most successful at the bottom of the tank with a cannibalism:attack ratio of 1:2.2 and least successful in the middle where no cannibalism was recorded. In the light, females spent more time at the top of the tank, whereas in the dark they spent more time at the bottom. It was suggested that the rate of cannibalism might be reduced if parts of the tank were kept constantly dark and if females were restricted from reaching those areas in the tank where the frequency of cannibalism was highest, namely the top and the bottom of the tank. Experimental designs and working hypotheses for future studies are discussed.     

苏氏圆腹（♂）与南方大口鲶（♀）杂交种的胚胎学观察

在（26＋1）℃水温条件下以苏氏圆腹为父本,南方大口鲶为母本采用干法授精进行杂交,用双筒显微镜对其子一代的胚胎发育过程续跟综观察。结果显示：两者杂交受精率80%,胚胎畸形率72%,孵化率22.4%,整个胚胎发育历时26h35min,其发育过程与其父本、母本基本一致。杂交种既有父本的特征,又有母本的特征,说明绝非单性生殖。     

“俄×中”沙棘杂交子代优良雌株选择

在半干旱区的内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙棘育种基地,从3个俄罗斯良种沙棘（母本）与中国沙棘优良类型（父本）的杂交子代雌株群体中选择出7株杂种优势显著的优良单株,它们兼有母本和父本的优良性状：营养生长和生殖生长明显超过双亲,果实产量高,营养品质好,棘刺较少,但抗旱性强弱差异明显。     

中华鲟子二代仔鱼对光照强度的趋性行为

设计4种点光源(100 lx、320 lx、960 lx、1 920 lx)光照模式, 以黑暗和面光源(68 lx)模式为对照, 以30 min为实验周期, 对中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)子二代仔、幼鱼(5~29日龄)的趋光行为进行观察和统计分析。结果表明, 仔鱼处于平游期(5~8日龄)时, 点光源光照条件下活动鱼苗的趋光率显著高于对照组(黑暗环境和面光源)(P<0.05), 而且点光源光照条件下活动鱼苗的趋光率随着光照强度的增强而增加, 并在1 920 lx与100 lx和320 lx间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。平游期仔鱼的趋光性最为明显, 在设定的4种点光源光照强度中, 在100 lx的低强度光照下趋光性最强, 在960 lx光照强度下趋光性最弱, 且二者存在显著性差异(P<0.05); 中华鲟子二代进入沉底期以后, 光照的影响作用明显减弱, 仔鱼基本失去趋光性。研究表明, 中华鲟子二代仔鱼具有平游期趋光性最强、趋弱光和沉底之后基本失去趋光性等行为特点, 这种趋光行为与野生中华鲟仔鱼基本一致。研究结果可为阐明中华鲟全人工繁殖后代生态适应性提供参考。