湖南早稻的增产潜力与发展对策

分析了湖南早稻生产滑坡的原因，并从品种（组合）和栽培技术方面分析了湖南早稻的增产潜力及提出了今后发展的对策。     

日粮蛋白水平对生长牦牛血液中若干代谢激素和代谢物的影响

对３头生长阉牦牛在饲喂等能（９．６ＭＪＭＥ／ｋｇＤＭ）不同蛋白水平的日粮时的外周血液若干代谢激素和代谢物浓度进行测定。结果表明，日粮蛋白水平由８％升至１２％后，生长牦牛血清尿素氮浓度增加３９．０％，血糖水平升高６３．５％，血清胰岛素水平升高７６．３％，Ｔ３浓度降低２０．７％，Ｔ４浓度不变，皮质醇浓度则由２．０１μｇ／ｄｌ全部降到检测线以下。     

Towards the first linkage map of the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Didymella rabiei</Emphasis> genome

A genetic map was developed for the ascomyceteDidymella rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx (anamorph:Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Labr.), the causal agent of Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The map was generated with 77 F₁ progeny derived from crossing an isolate from the U.S.A. and an isolate from Syria. A total of 232 DAF (DNA Amplification Fingerprinting) primers and 37 STMS (Sequence-Tagged Microsatellite Site) primer pairs were tested for polymorphism between the parental isolates; 50 markers were mapped, 36 DAFs and 14 STMSs. These markers cover 261.4cM in ten linkage groups. Nineteen markers remained unlinked. Significant deviation from the expected 1:1 segregation ratios was observed for only two markers (Prob. of χ²<0.05). The implications of our results on ploidy level of the asexual spores are discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 5, 2002.     

扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究初探

论述了扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究的依据,利用不同生境条件下生长的野生和栽培品种,采用形态标记、细胞标记、生化标记和分子标记的方法多方面地对扁蓿豆进行遗传多样性的研究。     

野生鸟类高致病性禽流感抗体水平检测

高致病性禽流感对禽类及人类危害十分严重.高致病性禽流感流行病学特点之一是随野生鸟类的迁徙,该病在全球广泛扩散和蔓延.野生鸟类在紧急免疫后的血清抗体水平直接关系到疫情的控制、养禽业的发展以及人类的健康.我国GB/T 18936高致病性禽流感诊断技术对火鸡、鸭、鹅(包括野生鸟类)等禽类接种禽流感疫苗免疫效力评价缺乏足够的血清学依据,国际国内对野生鸟类血清抗体水平检测资料比较欠缺.因此对野生鸟类高致病性禽流感血清抗体水平进行检测,就显得十分重要和必要.     

Longevity of Swiss Brown cattle in different housing systems in Switzerland

A Weibull mixed survival model was used to study the effect of a change in the housing system on length of productive life (LPL) in dairy cows. The data set included records on 71,469 Swiss Brown cows in 1674 farms in eastern and central Switzerland. About 36% of the records were right-censored. The observation period lasted from January 1, 1988 to May 1, 2001. During this period, 517 farms changed their housing conditions from a tie-stall barn to a loose housing system. Besides a random time-dependent effect of herd–year–season, the model included fixed effects of housing system, lactation number and stage of lactation, within herd and parity production level (all time-dependent), and age at first calving (time-independent). All effects had a significant effect on LPL at a level of p < 0.001. Cows in loose housing systems showed the lowest risk ratios of being culled (0.93) compared to the reference system tie-stall barn (1.00). The highest relative culling rate (1.09) was observed within the changing period from tie-stall barn to loose housing system. Within the first three lactations, the relative culling risk increased stepwise with lactation stage. The hazard slightly increased from first until lactation number 8 and higher. The relative culling rates were highest (2.22) for cows yielding less than 90% compared to herd-mates of the same lactation number, whereas the lowest risk ratios were estimated for animals yielding more than 110% compared to their reference group (0.64). When heifers were older than 3 years at first calving, there was a tendency towards a higher relative culling risk (1.06).     

日粮蛋白质水平对育雏期绿头野鸭生长性能的影响

本研究选用刚出壳的绿头野鸭90只,随机分成3组,每组30只,分别饲喂能量相同,蛋白质水平分别为17.00%、19.00%、21.00%的饲粮,通过饲养和代谢试验研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对育雏期(0～4周龄)绿头野鸭生长性能的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的提高,蛋白质的代谢率逐渐下降,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从饲料报酬的角度看,19.00%的蛋白质水平完全可以满足绿头野鸭育雏期(0～4周龄)的生长需要。     

不同营养水平补饲对湘东黑山羊肥育羔羊生产性能的影响

采用80只3~4月龄的湘东黑山羊羔羊,研究3种不同营养水平补饲对肥育羔羊日增重、经济效益的影响。分别在冬、春两个季节进行为期2个月的补饲。试验按完全随机单因子设计,每个季节设4个处理,即3个精料补饲组与1个对照组,每个处理10头湘东黑山羊。参考NRC(1981)的山羊饲养标准设计补充饲料配方,每个季节的3个补饲试验组饲粮的精粗比分别按30∶70、40∶60、50∶50确定,平均补饲量依次按100、200、300g/(d.只)。结果表明冬季补饲试验1、2、3组平均日增重分别为62.75、80.00和85.92g,分别比对照组提高42.06%、81.12%、94.52%,差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。春季补饲试验1、2、3组平均日增重分别为85.33、93.50和100.83g,分别比对照组提高38.00%、51.22%、63.08%,差异均为极显著(P<0.01)。从季节对补饲效果来看,冬季的高精料补饲与低精料补饲(精粗比=30∶70)差异显著;春季的精料补饲量对增重影响不大。冬季补饲以精粗料比40∶60为好,春季以30∶70为好。冬季补饲使试验1、2、3组比对照组增加利润分别为5.14、9.23、4.49元/只;春季补饲使试验1、2、3组比对照组增加利润分别为8.97、5.98、2.35元/只。经济效益比较好的补饲量是,冬季187.5g/d,春季154.1g/d。     

菜薹(菜心)土壤氮营养诊断指标及合理施氮量

在不同地点,不同肥力水平的菜园土上进行菜薹(菜心)氮肥田间试验,经过对17个试验点菜心相对产量与土壤碱解氮含量的相关统计分析,并建立回归方程。结果表明:菜心产量与土壤碱解氮含量呈抛物线相关,在质地为中壤土的菜园上种植菜心,土壤碱解氮含量为146~277mg·kg-1时无需施氮,低于此范围应补充氮肥,超过此范围应控制施氮;菜心产量与施氮量呈抛物线相关,在低、中、高肥力水平的菜园土上种植菜心,要求菜心达到6433~6455、6633~6877、6733~7311kg·hm-2的产量水平,推荐氮肥用量分别为67~104、67~89、67~78kg·hm-2。     

Haplotype analysis of β-actin gene for its association with sperm quality and boar fertility

β‐actin (ACTB) was examined as a direct functional candidate gene for the possible association with sperm concentration, motility (MOT), semen volume per ejaculate, plasma droplet rate, abnormal sperm rate (ASR) and the fertility traits, non‐return rate and number of piglets born alive (NBA). Three polymorphisms in intron 3 (T>C) and one polymorphism in exon 4 (T>C) of porcine ACTB gene were identified by comparative sequencing of animals of the breeds Pietrain and Hampshire. Association analysis revealed that haplotypes affected the variation of the traits MOT, ASR and NBA. The beneficial haplotypes may provide considerable improvement of sperm quality and fertility in the tested commercial boar population.