Wind tunnel test on the effect of metal net fences on sand flux in a Gobi Desert,China

The Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway runs through an expansive windy area in a Gobi Desert, and sand-blocking fences were built to protect the railway from destruction by wind-blown sand. However, the shielding effect of the sand-blocking fence is below the expectation. In this study, effects of metal net fences with porosities of 0.5 and 0.7 were tested in a wind tunnel to determine the effectiveness of the employed two kinds of fences in reducing wind velocity and restraining wind-blown sand. Specifically, the horizontal wind velocities and sediment flux densities above the gravel surface were measured under different free-stream wind velocities for the following conditions: no fence at all, single fence with a porosity of 0.5, single fence with a porosity of 0.7, double fences with a porosity of 0.5, and double fences with a porosity of 0.7. Experimental results showed that the horizontal wind velocity was more significantly decreased by the fence with a porosity of 0.5, especially for the double fences. The horizontal wind velocity decreased approximately 65% at a distance of 3.25 m(i.e., 13 H, where H denotes the fence height) downwind the double fences, and no reverse flow or vortex was observed on the leeward side. The sediment flux density decreased exponentially with height above the gravel surface downwind in all tested fences. The reduction percentage of total sediment flux density was higher for the fence with a porosity of 0.5 than for the fence with a porosity of 0.7, especially for the double fences. Furthermore, the decreasing percentage of total sediment flux density decreased with increasing free-stream wind velocity. The results suggest that compared with metal net fence with a porosity of 0.7, the metal net fence with a porosity of 0.5 is more effective for controlling wind-blown sand in the expansive windy area where the Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway runs through.     

基于射线检测算法的无人机植保作业电子围栏设计

保障植保无人机执行喷洒作业时不越过作业地块边界,是保证植保无人机作业安全性与高效性的必要前提。设计了一种高效可靠的无人机植保作业电子围栏,能够实时检测无人机是否越界,并在有越界风险时及时发出预警。首先,算法根据作业地块边界、无人机飞行速度等关键要素确定电子围栏报警模型并由此生成安全边界。当无人机飞行在安全边界内时,算法不对其进行越界检测;当无人机飞行于安全边界与作业边界之间时,算法将进行越界检测并同时发出预警,提示无人机操作人员随时准备控制无人机改变航向;当无人机飞行于作业边界之外时,将反馈越界标志,提供给飞行控制系统或无人机操作人员介入控制。测试表明：无人机植保作业电子围栏能够实现高效、可靠的飞行监测,实时检测植保无人机飞行是否越界,并在有越界风险时及时发出越界预警。     

围栏封育对高寒草地植被数量特征的影响

对青海湖地区高寒草地围栏内外植被进行调查分析。结果显示,围栏封育措施使高寒草地植被的盖度、高度、生物量均明显增加,从不同经济类群分析,其禾草、莎草等可食牧草比例增加,而不可食牧草比例相对下降。围栏封育措施对群落组成结构及植物种的重要值产生不同程度的影响,主要表现在生物多样性增加,一些可食牧草的重要值增加,而不可食牧草的重要值相对下降。     

The Influence of Human–Elephant Conflict on Electric Fence Management and Perception Among Different Rural Communities in Laikipia County,Kenya

Electrified fences are commonly used in Kenya to prevent human–elephant conflict. This research addressed the social perceptions of electrified wildlife fences by assessing community-level individual views of the fences and the willingness of community members’ involvement in fence management. In Laikipia County, Kenya, a population sample of people in two communities living near an electrified fencing and experiencing different levels of human–elephant conflict (i.e., crop raids) were surveyed about their perceptions of the fence and fence management. Respondents in communities with more frequent conflict were less favorable in their ratings about fence effectiveness and were more willing to pay for fence maintenance. In addition, a sample group of pastoralists indicated a positive attitude toward the fence, due to a perceived improvement in livestock safety from predators and theft. These benefits appeared to outweigh the difficulties the fence could impose on livestock management and cross country travel.     

Basalt Milkvetch Responses to Novel Restoration Treatments in the Great Basin

The restoration of native forbs in the Great Basin and similar dryland ecosystems remains a great challenge for land managers. Variable soil water, precocious germination and emergence, and the presence of soil fungal pathogens often reduce plant establishment. Novel restoration treatments that increase soil water during early forb life stages, delay germination and emergence to coincide with favorable spring conditions, and reduce mortality from soil fungal pathogens may benefit native forb restoration. We compared the efficacy of three novel treatments—snow fencing, plant protection fabric, and seed coatings—to improve establishment of a forb species native to the Great Basin, basalt milkvetch (Astragalus filipes Torr. ex A. Gray). We replicated treatments plus a no-treatment control at three sites in the Great Basin in a randomized complete block design over 2 yr. To evaluate the efficacy of our restoration treatments, we measured germination, seedling emergence, establishment, and second-yr survival. The effects of snow fencing and plant protection fabric varied by site and life stage and were likely influenced by the wet spring conditions across sites, particularly the two northern sites. Snow fencing increased establishment and second-yr survival at one site. Plant protection fabric did not benefit any life stage at any site. Seed coatings increased seedling emergence at all sites but did not affect establishment or survival. Overall, second-yr survival remained low across all sites and treatments. Our study indicates that our treatments can positively affect basalt milkvetch emergence, establishment, and survival, but additional management actions are needed to improve long-term restoration success of native forbs.     

围栏捕鼠技术初探

为验证围栏捕鼠技术对鼠害的控制效果,以西瓜为诱饵作物在水稻区进行了围栏捕鼠试验,捕获黄毛鼠、黑线姬鼠和小家鼠36只,鼠害控效19．09％,水稻每667m2增产7．96％,每667m2成本降低50％,具一定的推广价值。     

Deer-proof fence prevents regeneration of Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis through seed predation by increased woodmouse populations

The indirect consequence of sika deer (Cervus nippon) grazing on the regeneration of Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis through its effect on the small rodent population was assessed by evaluating seed predation by mice inside and outside the deer-proof fence on Mt Ohdaigahara, central Japan. Following construction of the deer-proof fence, Sasa nipponica, which covers the forest floor and is the main forage of deer, grew thicker inside the fence due to the absence of deer grazing than outside of the fence. Higher numbers of two species of woodmice (Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus) were found inside the fence, possibly because the thick S. nipponica growth provides better cover. Inside the fence, more seeds of P. jezoensis var. hondoensis were eaten by the mice than outside the fence. These results suggest that the mouse populations inside the fence increased due to changes in S. nipponica cover, which subsequently increased seed predation by the mice, possibly preventing regeneration of P. jezoensis var. hondoensis.     

隔栏补饲时间对杜湖杂交羔羊生长性能、羊毛品质和血清生化指标的影响

试验通过研究不同隔栏补饲时间对杜湖杂交羔羊生长性能、羊毛品质和生化指标的影响，以确定最佳的羔羊隔栏补饲时间。选取体重均匀、体况相近的健康公羔180只，分为3组，每组60只，15日龄时开始隔栏补饲，40日龄时结束，Ⅰ组每日隔栏补饲时间为6 h，Ⅱ组从6 h过渡至10 h，Ⅲ组从6 h过渡至12 h。试验开始和结束当天晨饲前对羔羊称重测定其生长性能指标，试验结束当天采集毛样和血样测定羔羊羊毛品质及血清生化等相关指标。结果表明，随着隔栏补饲时间的延长，羔羊表现出平均日增重逐渐增大、采食量下降、料重比减小的趋势，但组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。羔羊体侧部羊毛中有髓毛与无髓毛的比例在不同组间差异显著（P<0.05），有髓毛占比Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅲ组，无髓毛占比Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组，无髓毛比例随隔栏补饲时间的延长而增加，其他羊毛指标组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组羔羊血清甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05），Ⅰ和Ⅱ组羔羊血清白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组肌酐含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组肌酸激酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。综合分析，羔羊15~40日龄与母羊逐渐隔离，随着羔羊隔栏补饲时间的延长，其生长性能得到了提高。隔栏补饲时间最长的Ⅲ组，其平均日增重、料重比及羊毛品质均优于其他组。     

围栏封育对矮化芦苇草地草群结构动态变化的影响

矮化芦苇Phragmites commiunis草地通过围栏封育,围栏内芦苇完成正常生长发育,植物种类有所增加;围栏3年栏内比栏外草层高度提高95.9%,群落盖度提高185.2%,多度提高51.7%,地上生物量提高344.7%;3年即可达到封育目的;围栏是一项投资少、见效快,经济效益和生态效益显著的草地保护和实现畜牧业可持续发展的有效技术措施。     

天坛公园土壤研究Ⅲ、古树生长区围栏效果分析

天坛公园对古树集中生长区的土壤进行围栏保护已有多年，本文对围栏效果进行了土壤物理状况及养分状况分析，证实了压实土壤围栏不单是保护土壤的措施，同时对改善土壤的理化状况、培肥土壤有较好效果及较佳生态效益。