整秸秆氨化饲料的技术效果与区域适应性研究

充分利用中国丰富的秸秆资源发展节粮型草食畜牧业是中国畜牧业发展的重要方向。针对目前秸秆氨化技术存在的问题,开展了10多年的整秸秆氨化饲料技术创新研究,研究结果表明,整秸秆氨化饲料比传统地窖氨化饲料,蛋白质含量提高了1.33~1.46倍;饲料呈黄褐色,伴有爆米花香带酸甜味的酥脆感;牛羊采食量提高15%,消化率提高45%;每头牛每年节约饲料费500元、纯收入1200元左右。这一技术在山西省和海南省的不同地区进行了试验示范,不同作物的蛋白质含量基本稳定在10.5~11.06g/kg。其广泛适应于中国不同类型区,对充分利用秸秆资源、促进中国规模化草食畜牧业发展具有重要作用。     

海洋仔鱼消化酶变化及饵料的影响

近年来海洋仔鱼消化系统,包括胃、肠道以及胰脏发育的研究进展进行了综述,描述了其消化系统在发育过程中形态和功能的变化,对仔鱼发育过程中包括胃蛋白酶、胰酶、肠酶及其他消化酶的变化以及饵料组分的影响进行了总结。     

Characteristics of Blood in Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio,Exposed to Low Temperatures

Changes in blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocrit, osmolarity, lactate, glucose and cortisol concentrations were monitored in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to decreasing temperatures (from 24°C to 4°C). Two experiments [rapid change (acute) and slow change (chronic)] were conducted. In the acute experiment, it took 3 days for the decrease of water temperatures from 24°C to 4°C. In the chronic experiment, it took 33 days for the decrease of water temperatures from 24°C to 4°C. Blood lactate and hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, and leucocrit significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the cold-treated common carp in both experiments. Hemoglobin concentrations did not decrease until the temperature reached 4°C. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased in common carp in acute exposure to 4°C. The levels of plasma chloride and osmolarity did not change significantly (P > 0.05) in the cold-treated common carp in both acute and chronic exposure. Data indicate that levels of blood lactate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leucocrit were consistently responsive to the stress of low temperatures in common carp.     

利用膨化浮性饲料养殖加州鲈生产效果分析

实验将加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)鱼苗用膨化浮性饲料养成商品鱼,对膨化浮性饲料养殖加州鲈生产效果进行了分析。结果显示:在114 d鱼种养殖期内,加州鲈从5 g长至112 g,比预定的出塘规格(100 g)高出12%,饵料系数为1.14,表明鱼种阶段,加州鲈对膨化饲料有良好的反应。在159 d商品鱼养殖期内,加州鲈从155 g长至354 g,生长缓慢,平均饵料系数为1.43。     

仔猪粉状高铜饲料中添加不同剂量甜味剂对生长性能的影响

试验共分4个处理,其甜味剂的添加量分别为0、200、300、400g/t,试验选用20头体重为14kg左右的三元(DХLХY)杂交猪,试验期为20d,试验期间考察猪的平均日增重、日均采食量、料肉比3个生长性能指标。结果表明:甜味剂的添加量为常规添加量200g/t时,可显著的提高仔猪粉状高铜饲料的适口性,在200g/t的基础上提高甜味剂的添加量,饲料适口性和日增重均没有得到进一步显著的提高,各处理组料肉比差异均不显著,表明甜味剂的添加对饲料的利用率无显著的影响,因此,在仔猪粉状高铜配合饲料中甜味剂的添加量以常规用量为宜,过高的添加甜味剂并不能起到进一步提高仔猪生长性能的作用。     

凤眼莲的饲料资源化利用

综述了凤眼莲饲料资源化利用国内外进展情况,提出了凤眼莲饲料资源化利用需要考虑关键问题,即水生植物对动物采食适口性影响、饲喂适宜动物对象、加工调制方法、水体重金属富集对动物健康和畜产品安全潜在风险,指出凤眼莲水体净化、饲喂动物及环境粪便排放等构成循环系统进行科学评价意义.     

Cultural and Immunological Detection Methods for Salmonella spp. in Animal Feeds – A Review

Food-borne salmonellosis continues to be a major public health concern, and contamination with Salmonella spp. in pre-harvest animal production is considered a primary contributor to this problem. Animal feeds can easily become contaminated during primary production, feed mixing and processing as well as during feeding. Consequently, monitoring and surveillance of feeds and feed ingredients for Salmonella spp. contamination may be useful or necessary in the prevention and control of this organism. Cultural and immunological detection methods for salmonellae have been used or suggested as possible approaches for use in animal feeds. Cultural methods remain advantageous owing to their ability to detect viable bacterial cells, while immunological methods have the capability of detecting nonculturable bacterial cells. Advancements and improvements in both methodologies offer opportunities for eventual routine use of these detection technologies in animal feed assays.     

青鱼对十四种饲料的消化率

以三氧化二铬(Cr_2O_3)为指示剂测定了青鱼(Mylophayngodon piceus)鱼种对饲料酵母、糊精、酪蛋白、豆饼粉、脱脂蚕蛹粉、玉米粉、麸皮、大麦粉、药用鱼粉、花生饼粉、棉仁饼粉、菜饼粉、苜蓿粉、青草粉共14种饲料的表观总消化率以及营养物质的消化率,并测算了总能量、能量蛋白比(C/P)以及可消化能。在水温25～28℃试验条件下,青鱼对酪蛋白的消化率最高,达93.8%;其次是饲料酵母、糊精、豆饼粉、脱脂蚕蛹粉、玉米、麸皮、消化率在82.1%～69.5%间;再次为大麦粉、棉仁粉饼、药用鱼粉、花生饼粉和菜饼粉,消化率在66.9%～45.9%间;苜蓿和草粉的消化率最差,为36.3%和22%。青鱼对营养物质的消化率有以下特点: 1.饲料中粗纤维含量与总消化率呈明显的负相关。2.粗蛋白含量与蛋白质消化率呈抛物线相关,当蛋白质在35%～40%时,蛋白质消化率最高。3.青鱼对脂肪的消化率很高,达90%以上。4.青鱼对碳水化合物具一定的消化能力。     

早籼稻饲料营养价值的品种间差异研究

分析了１８个不同早籼稻品种在相同栽培条件下的稻谷与糙米的各种饲料营养成分及这些品种的农艺性状，结果表明，不同早籼稻谷与糙米的各种营养成分存在明显的品种间差异，其中以早籼稻品种稻谷与糙米的粗蛋白含量的品种间差异最大，１８个早籼稻品种糙米 灰分、粗纤维与钙的平均呈比其稻谷的平均含量分别低２．４５％，７．７５％与０．００９％；而１８个早籼和妥品种糙米的干物质、总能、粗蛋白、粗脂肪与磷的平均含量比其稻谷的