Readers＇ Rights of Privacy and Their Protection in Public Libraries

隐私如今已成为中国人不可或缺的一种人格利益。隐私权的保护也是建立和谐社会不容忽视的问题。而图书馆读者的隐私及其保护就成为一个不应回避的问题。图书馆工作中可能侵犯到读者的隐私。图书馆应认清读者隐私外泄的责任形式,有针对性的采取措施,诸如：立法保护、制度建设、技术防护、管理自律、读者自保,保护读者的隐私权。     

Farm and Personal Characteristics of the Clientele of a Community-based Animal Health Service Programme in Northern Malawi

The social background, farm characteristics, indicators of income and self-evaluation returns of 96 randomly selected users of a Basic Animal Health Service (BAHS) programme in northern Malawi were compared with those of 96 matched past-users and 96 non-users, respectively. All 288 farms were visited between July and October 1997. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The results showed that, on average, BAHS users had larger cattle herds (16.3) than part-users (14.7) or non-users (12.4). Similarly, the annual yields of crops were higher for users compared to either of the other groups. Users occupied better houses and owned a larger number of farm and household items than did part-users or non-users. A third of all farmers were engaged in additional income generation to lessen the risk of poverty. However, analysis of the livestock management and the educational background of the farmers suggested that usage of the BAHS programme was not only determined by already existing `wealth'. Improved livestock husbandry and management measures, which do not require capital investment, were more frequently applied by users compared to either of the other groups. Non-users and part-users had attained a lower level of education, were less open towards improved farming methods and felt less knowledgeable than BAHS users. The average straight-line distances from farms using BAHS to their respective village animal health worker (2.2 km) or veterinary assistant (2.9 km) were similar but varied according to ecological zone. Intensified extension and awareness meetings in villages will be required to get more non-users involved in BAHS.     

国外土地整理实践对我国土地整理的启示

土地整理在我国起步较晚，很多理论还不成熟。采用文献参阅法，从土地整理的发展阶段、内容和特点等方面介绍了德国、俄国和荷兰等国外土地整理的基本情况，并由此得出其对我国土地整理的启示：建立健全土地整理法律政策，重视土地整理的权属调整，拓宽土地整理融资渠道，重视土地整理中的生态环境保护，积极推动土地整理公众参与和高度重视土地整理规划等。     

河南农产品主产区农民收入增长因素分析

在对河南１８地市农村统计资料进行聚类、回归分析的基础上，找出了影响河南农产品主产区农民收入增长的因素。认为畜牧业、非农产业的发展是提高农民收入的关键因素，并提出农村产业结构调整等政策建议。     

民营橡胶发展提升探析

民营橡胶是我国天然橡胶产业的重要力量和区域特色产业的重要组成部分。本文探讨分析目前民营橡胶生产发展中存在的科学植胶意识不强，胶园生产能力偏低，技术力量薄弱，橡胶树病虫害防控能力不强，民营橡胶产品质量有待提高等问题。提出通过树立科学的植胶观念，增强科学植胶意识，加强橡胶树先进适用技术的集成配套及推广应用，采取多种形式增强民营橡胶技术力量，增强民营橡胶自身病虫害防控能力，提高民营橡胶产品质量水平等途径，提升民营橡胶整体发展质量水平和市场竞争能力。     

Economic impacts on farm households due to water reallocation in China's Chaobai watershed

Our study area in the Chaobai watershed, upstream of Miyun Reservoir, has been undergoing agricultural water transfers to downstream municipal uses in Beijing. We examine the impacts of water reallocation on crop production and farmers’ income and discuss issues relating to current compensation mechanisms. We use data from a survey of 349 farm households and their farm plots in the upper Chaobai watershed within Hebei province. Water reallocation from upstream to downstream areas has reduced agricultural water supply and the area irrigated. Regression results show that in plots deprived of irrigation, maize yields decrease by 21% and crop revenues decline by 32%. On average, losing irrigation on one hectare of cultivated land reduces net crop income by 2422 yuan. We examine compensation arrangements and social equity for the major policies implemented in the region and we identify gaps between current compensation levels and farmers’ income and production losses. The current compensation received by farmers is generally lower than the losses incurred due to reduced irrigation. A more appropriate compensation mechanism is called for in future water transfers.     

土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响效应及机制分析 ——以湖北省部分县市为例

研究土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响，对科学研判土地综合整治的实践效应、实现农户生计的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于湖北省部分县市的农户调研数据，运用双重差分模型探讨土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响效应。基准回归结果表明，土地综合整治可促使农户生计脆弱性显著降低，并显著提高其生计恢复力和生计韧性，且多种检验均显示研究结果稳健。异质性分析发现，土地综合整治对不同类型农户生计韧性的提升作用呈现“低收入—低依赖”>“高收入—低依赖”>“低收入—高依赖”>“高收入—高依赖”的分异特征，还受到地貌类型差异的影响，平原地区土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的提升效果大于丘陵地区。因此，土地综合整治应遵循“以人为本、夯实民生”的发展理念，树立统筹协调的系统治理观，全面优化农地功能与效能，构建低环境风险、良性运转的土地可持续利用格局，坚持“输血”与“造血”并举，因地制宜挖潜区域产业特色，才能有效降低农户生计脆弱性、增强其内生发展动力，实现农户生计的韧性发展。     

城镇居民收入分配状况及其对消费需求的影响

收入分配差距是伴随经济增长出现的一种社会经济现象,它对经济增长本身又会产生一定的影响。近年来我国城镇居民收入水平保持较快的增长速度,社会物价水平稳中有降,但消费需求不旺,市场疲软的迹象已十分明显。究其原因,除了供求存在结构性矛盾造成有效供给不足,住房、教育、医疗保险制度的改革使居民预期购买压力增大,以及落后的消费观念和消费信贷体制外,居民收入分配差距扩大,城市低收入和贫困人口的增加已成为对消费需求产生消极影响的一个重要因素。因此,政府在积极增加投资支出、调整经济结构和发展消费信贷的同时,切不可忽视改善收入分配状况,以最终实现刺激消费、促进经济增长的目标。     

Weed control in conservation agriculture systems of Zimbabwe: Identifying economical best strategies

Weed management under conservation agriculture (CA), especially when manually controlled is one of the major setbacks for the widespread adoption of CA in southern Africa. This study was conducted at three on-station and three on-farm sites: CIMMYT-Harare, Domboshawa Training Centre and Henderson Research Station (on-station sites), Hereford farm, Madziva communal area and Shamva communal area (on-farm sites). The evaluation focused on the effect of initial herbicide application and succeeding manual weeding whenever weeds were 10 cm tall or 10 cm in length for grasses with stoloniferous–rhizomatous growth habit. Weeds counts, weeding time and grain yields were collected at all on-station sites. At the on-farm sites, weed counts were done before weeding and a number of farmers were timed during weeding. The results showed that herbicides use reduced the weed density and time taken on weeding at all sites. Combining herbicides e.g. atrazine, glyphosate and metalachlor had the lowest weed density and weeding time at all sites. However, the treatments had no effect on maize grain yields suggesting that appropriate and timely manual weeding reduced crop/weed competition. Herbicides treatments had higher input costs than manual weeding due to the additional cost of herbicide but the treatment with manual weeding only had more overall labour days compared to the mixture of three herbicides. In order to achieve economic benefits, smallholder farmers may use the time for value addition e.g. expand cropped land area, use time for value addition, or sell new products on the market. Herbicides use reduces the manual labour needed to control weeds and minimise total crop failure due to untimely weeding hence, herbicides are an important but not the only weed control option under CA systems in Zimbabwe.     

农村改革试验区下的水库移民脱贫致富研究——以温州10个水库移民安置村为例

2012年中央经济会议上，在国家力推发展新型城镇化的背景下，选取比较具有代表性的温州市为研究对象，对该地区部分移民脱贫致富情况进行实地调查研究，发现移民在脱贫致富中存在的问题及困难，文章进而提出相应的脱贫致富的对策与建议，促进移民脱贫致富，为推进社会主义新农村建设和新型城镇化进一步发展提供有益的借鉴。