模拟干旱胁迫下镁对高羊茅种子萌发的影响

采用PEG-6000(100,200,300g/L)模拟水分胁迫,研究不同浓度的硫酸镁溶液(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8g/L)浸种对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)种子萌发的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,高羊茅的发芽率,发芽指数,苗长,根长,幼苗鲜重及根鲜重等指标均呈下降趋势。在种子萌发阶段,轻度干旱胁迫(PEG=100g/L)下,硫酸镁浸种对高羊茅种子的萌发促进作用不明显,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数与对照差异不显著;中度干旱胁迫(PEG=200g/L)下,0.6g/L的镁使得高羊茅种子的萌发相对最佳,其发芽等指标与对照差异显著(P0.05);重度干旱胁迫下(PEG=300g/L),0.4g/L镁处理明显的促进了高羊茅种子的萌发,其发芽指标与对照差异显著(P0.05),而当镁浓度是0.8g/L时,则抑制了高羊茅种子的萌发。在幼苗的生长前期,轻度干旱和中度干旱胁迫下,0.6g/L镁处理对高羊茅的苗长、根长、幼苗鲜重及根鲜重等生长指标有显著的促进作用;重度干旱胁迫下,0.4g/L和0.6g/L的镁处理使其生长指标高于对照且差异显著(P0.05)。     

叶面喷施镁肥对妃子笑荔枝果皮着色 及钾钙镁含量的影响

[目的]探讨叶面喷施镁肥对妃子笑荔枝果皮着色及其钾、钙、镁含量的影响,为制定妃子笑荔枝合理施肥技术措施提供参考依据.[方法]以妃子笑荔枝成年树(16年生)为试材,在生理落果刚结束时叶面喷施镁肥,以喷清水为对照(CK),测定果皮色度角、花色素苷和叶绿素含量、果肉糖含量、果皮钾、钙、镁全量及水溶性含量,并进行相关性分析.[结果]叶面喷施镁肥后可促进果皮花色素苷积累而使荔枝果皮提前着色,可显著提高果皮水溶性钙、全镁和水溶性镁含量(P<0.05,下同).喷施镁肥处理和CK的果皮全钾含量与水溶性钙含量、水溶性钾含量与全镁含量、水溶性钾含量与全钙含量、全镁含量与全钙含量的线性偏相关系数均达显著水平;喷施镁肥处理的果皮全钙含量与水溶性钙含量的线性偏相关系数差异显著.在果皮发育着色过程中,喷施镁肥处理和CK的果皮全钙、水溶性钙、全镁和水溶性镁含量与花色素苷含量间的一元指数函数均呈显著正相关;果皮钙含量与镁含量存在相互增益效应.[结论]妃子笑荔枝叶面喷施镁肥可提高果皮钙和镁含量,显著促进果皮花色素苷积累,促进果皮提前着色,克服果皮滞绿现象,可在生产上推广应用.     

曲靖红壤烟区有效镁、速效钾交互作用对烤烟钾、镁、钙吸收及品质的影响

连续两年采用田间实地调查及室内化验分析的方法,分析了云南曲靖不同县(市)烟区土壤有效镁、速效钾含量状况及其交互作用对烤烟钾、钙、镁含量、化学成分和评吸指标的影响,结果表明:曲靖中海拔红壤烟区土壤有效镁平均含量314.10 mg·kg~(-1),变幅32.64~1 402.00 mg·kg~(-1),会泽烟区有效镁含量高达711.25mg·kg~(-1);速效钾平均含量197.95 mg·kg~(-1),变幅21.63~718.92 mg·kg~(-1),除陆良县外,其他各县(市)土壤速效钾含量均处于中等至高等含量范围。烤烟镁含量随土壤有效镁含量的升高而显著增加,烤烟钾含量随着土壤速效钾含量的升高先降低后显著增加,烤烟钙含量随两者变化不显著;交互作用对烤烟钾、镁、钙含量及K/(Mg+Ca)有显著影响。土壤有效镁、速效钾交互作用对烤烟品质影响较大,在土壤有效镁含量处于中、低水平(100 mg·kg~(-1)),土壤速效钾含量处于适宜及以上水平(150 mg·kg~(-1))时,烟叶品质表现最好。     

Potassium Dynamics in Inceptisols as Influenced by Graded Levels of Potash for Banana: I. Potassium Fractions

Knowledge of forms of potassium (K) in soil is of great importance for formulating sound fertilizer recommendation to banana. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of graded levels of potash application on forms of potassium at juvenile, grand growth, shooting, and harvest stages of banana on Vertic Haplustept soil. The negative balance of soil-available K was observed in the treatments of 0, 100, and 200 g K₂O plant^?1. However, at 300-g K₂O plant^?1 level, the balance was a mere –11 kg ha^?1, and positive balance was observed in the treatments of 400 and 500 g K₂O plant^?1. Significant positive correlation among different forms of K indicated the interdependency and dynamic equilibrium between K forms. Application of K₂O above the level of 300 g plant^?1 for banana resulted in the build-up of potassium fractions in soil.     

凤凰单枞茶树吸收土壤铬和锰的规律研究

[目的]探究凤凰单枞茶树对土壤中铬和锰的吸收规律,为综合防治茶园土壤Cr和Mn污染提供科学依据。[方法]对粤东揭阳市揭东县宝山茶园凤凰单枞茶树和土壤进行采样,运用原子吸收分光光度计法测定茶叶、茶茎和茶根中Cr和Mn的含量,并采用乙酸提取法和原子吸收分光光度计法测定土壤样品中酸可提取态Cr和Mn的含量。[结果]茶树各器官Cr含量由高到低分布情况依次为:茶根>茶茎>茶叶;而Mn含量分布情况依次为:茶叶>茶茎>茶根。茶叶中Cr和Mn含量与土壤中酸可提取态Cr和Mn呈显著正相关性,茶茎中Cr含量与土壤中酸可提取态Cr也呈显著正相关性;茶叶、茶茎和茶根中的Cr含量均与土壤中有机质含量呈显著正相关性,茶根中的Mn含量与土壤pH值呈显著负相关性,茶叶中的Mn与土壤有机质呈显著正相关性。[结论]通过调节土壤酸可溶解态Cr和Mn,土壤pH值和有机质含量,从而控制茶树吸收Cr和Mn的量,可以达到防治茶叶重金属污染,提高茶叶质量的目的。     

镁锌肥追施时期对优良食味粳稻产量及品质的影响

【目的】旨在研究不同时期追施镁锌肥对优良食味粳稻产量和稻米品质的影响,以期为优良食味粳稻保优调优栽培提供理论依据与技术参考。【方法】大田试验条件下,以优良食味粳稻南粳9108和南粳505为材料,于基肥、蘖肥、穗肥时期分别设置镁肥单施、锌肥单施和镁锌配施处理,并设置不施镁锌肥为CK,研究优质食味粳稻产量和稻米品质对不同时期追施镁锌肥的响应特征。【结果】随追施时期的延迟,追施镁肥处理的产量呈上升趋势,追施锌肥处理的产量呈下降趋势,而镁锌配施处理的产量则呈先下降后上升的趋势。与CK相比,穗肥时期追施镁肥和镁锌配施产量显著提高,且镁锌配施处理产量最高。穗肥时期镁锌配施处理高产的主要原因是增加了单位面积穗数,提高了千粒重,每穗粒数和结实率减少,但最终颖花量仍显著提高。对稻米品质而言,蘖肥和穗肥时期追施锌肥可以改善稻米加工品质。穗肥时期追施镁肥,加工品质和外观品质得到显著改善,蛋白质含量、消减值减少,直链淀粉含量、崩解值增加,最终黏度显著下降,食味值变优;穗肥时期镁锌配施利于加工品质和营养品质改善,但外观品质、蒸煮食味品质等指标有变劣趋势,淀粉RVA谱中最高黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值显著降低,消减值、糊化温度显著提高。【结论】优良食味粳稻穗肥时期追施镁肥具有提高产量和优化稻米品质的作用,可能是保优调优栽培途径之一。     

不同灌溉方式对设施土壤交换性盐基组成及比例的影响

为全面评价不同灌溉方式下设施土壤养分供应状况,以设施土壤为研究对象,采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,对连年采用沟灌、滴灌和渗灌灌溉下的设施土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、盐基离子组成及其比列进行了研究。结果表明:3种灌溉方式土壤有机质、阳离子交换量及盐基离子含量表层较高,不同灌溉方式间表层土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量表现为渗灌高于沟灌,沟灌高于滴灌,土壤交换性盐基离子含量总体以渗灌处理最高。各灌溉方式0—60cm土层土壤盐基离子饱和度大小顺序均为Ca~(2+)Mg~(2+)K~+Na~+,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)饱和度随土层深度的增加而增大,K~+、Na~+饱和度总体呈随土层加深先降低后上升的变化趋势。Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)饱和度在0—30cm土层滴灌最高,30—60cm土层渗灌最高。K~+饱和度总体以渗灌为高,沟灌居中,滴灌最低。土壤Ca/K、Mg/K值总体以滴灌最高,沟灌次之、渗灌较小。从不同灌溉方式对设施土壤交换性盐基组成及比例的影响来看,采用滴灌方法不仅能省水,有效供应养分,更有利于保持养分之间的平衡,是一种较为合适的灌溉方法。     

Silicon Effect on Nutrient Acquisition of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Aluminum Stress

Aluminum (Al) toxicity represents one of the main yield-limiting factors for crops in acid soils. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance in higher plants. This study was conducted to determine whether treatment with Si could improve nutrient uptake by peanut under Al stress. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv Zhonghua 4) was raised with or without Si (1.5 mM) in the growth chamber under 0 and toxic Al (0.3 mM) levels. Aluminum stress significantly decreased the root- and total-dry weight by 52.4% and 32.0%, respectively. The content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was significantly decreased, but that of Al increased markedly in shoots and roots after Al exposure at seedling, flower-needle, and pod-setting stage. Silicon alleviates Al toxicity in peanut plants in relation to Al distribution and allocation of tissue P, K, Ca, and Mg by favoring the partitioning of dry mass to roots.     

Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on growth,chlorophyll content,and potassium and magnesium uptake in maize

Mycorrhizal fungi affect growth and nutrition of host plants positively. In this research, influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) ongrowth, chlorophyll content, and potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) uptake in maize seedlings in pot culture was studied. This experiment was performed using natural soil containing a mixture of spores of Glomus spp. Mycorrhizal spores were exposed to four concentrations of K solution, i.e. 0.61 (soil K content), 0.92, and 1.23 meq/L and three concentrations of Mg, i.e. 4.8 (soil Mg content), 7.2, and 9.6 meq/L concurrently. Plants were watered every 4 days for 16 days with 50 mL distilled water. A pot with sterilized soil was used as negative control. For study of mycorrhizal colonization, very thin manually prepared longitudinal sections of plant roots (>1 mm in diameter) were stained with lactophenol-cottonblue and examined microscopically. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was determined using the grid-line intersect method. Samples from root and shoot of maize were collected for further analysis. Results showed mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher dry and fresh weight and chlorophyll content than plants grown in sterilized soil (p ≤ 0.05). Treatments with concentrations of 7.2 meq/L of magnesium alone and in combination with 0.92 meq/L of potassium with7.2 meq/L of Mg had better effect on morphological characters (dry and fresh weight of root and shoot). Mycorrhizal colonization increased Mg uptake but decreased K uptake.