速生人工林桉树木材材色处理初步研究

试验用漂白剂、酸性染料和其他化学药剂,采用单纯漂白、单纯染色、先漂白再染色和化学着色等4种不同的方案对人工林桉树木材进行材色改良处理研究.结果发现:单纯漂白可获得一定的材色改良效果;硫化物类、过硫酸铵类的药剂配方漂白效果不明显;硼氢化钠类的药剂配方可得到一定的漂白效果;双氧水类、次氯酸钠类的药剂配方可得到很好的漂白效果.单纯染色比较难获得好的材色处理效果.采用先漂白后染色的方法,获得的材色过于鲜艳.采用化学着色的方法,可获得较理想的材色改良效果;草酸类药剂配方着色效果明显,可消除材色缺陷,根据不同的配方和处理工艺可获得从浅粉红色到红棕色的色调;用双氧水做活性剂,引入带发色团的化学药剂,材色改良效果明显,通过调整配方药品的浓度和处理工艺可获得从浅黄色到橙黄色的不同色调和较佳的材质.     

Leaf-water potential and soil-water depletion of walnut mulched with polyethylene and intercropped with alfalfa in Central Italy

In Italy, new agroforestry cultural models could play an important role in the diffusion of plantation forestry timber species. We studied the stem growth rates and leaf water potentials () of common walnut (Juglans regia L.), and gravimetric soil moisture (_DW) depletion during the third and fourth growing seasons in an agroforestry trial in central Italy. Since the establishment of experimental plots in 1992, walnut was intercropped with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with or without polyethylene (PE) mulching along tree rows. By the end of the study period, the unmulched-intercropped walnut was almost 68% smaller in stem diameter and height than the sole-unmulched control, demonstrating walnuts sensitivity to alfalfa competition. The competitive effect of alfalfa on walnut stem growth was effectively controlled/reduced by PE mulching. Stem growth rates of mulched-intercropped walnut were always lower than the control, but much higher (ca. 235% in stem diameter and height) than those of unmulched-intercropped walnut. The higher field performance of mulched-intercropped walnut compared to the un- mulched-intercropped treatment was associated with higher soil moisture and predawn and midday values during the summers driest periods. The presence of PE mulching was also associated with lower levels of soil moisture during the early and late growing season, but this did not negatively affect walnut and growth rates. These results suggest that in the climatic conditions of central Italy, competition for soil moisture between young common walnut trees and alfalfa can be substantially lowered, but not completely eliminated, by PE mulching.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

洞庭湖滩地造林成活率的关键影响因子

用样行法对洞庭湖滩地新造速生丰产纸浆林的成活率进行调查,同时了解造林地连续4 a汛期的水文规律和海拔高程的演变过程,通过分析造林成活率与主要影响因子之间的关系,发现淹水时间为滩地造林的限制性因子,营造速生丰产林、一般用材林和短周期工业原料林时,造林地年淹水天数依次不能超过19、35和62 d;苗木等级对造林成活率有重大影响,特级苗、Ⅰ级苗、Ⅱ级苗、Ⅲ级苗的平均成活率在海拔低于32 m的造林地上分别为68.8%、49.3%、18.7%、2.4%,在海拔超过32 m的造林地上分别为98.8%、79.6%、36.4%、14.7%;采用开沟抬垄整地可减轻涝渍胁迫,从而大幅度提高造林成活率.     

Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Measure Mechanical Properties of Solid Wood

The visible and near infrared （NIR） （350-2500 nm） spectra and the MOE of 438 small clear wood samples from Chinese fir, eucalyptus and poplar 72 were measured. Using partial least-square （PLS） modeling, the NIR spectra could be used to predict MOE and MOR of the clear-wood samples from Chinese fir and eucalyptus solid wood. NIR spectra could only be used to Predict MOE but not MOR of poplar clear-wood samples. With the exception of MoR of poplar clear-wood samples, the correlations between NIR and the mechanical properties are very strong, and the calibration and test correlation coefficients are both above 0.80.     

NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE DAHURIAN LARCH PLANTATION ECOSYSTEM

TllcbiologicalcycIingofnutricntclc-lllcntslntl1cccosystclnisthecyclingbctweentllcplantconununityandsoilwitl1intheccosys-tclll(Ot/ington,l986).ltformsol1ebranchofbiogQochcn1icalcyclesandislnarkedwitl1higl1spccdal1dil1tcl1sit}'.Biologicalcyclcofnutri-cntclenlcntsiscorrelatedwithforestproduc-tit'it3'closcly-tbeabsorptionandutilizatio11ofthe11utricntelemcntsoftheplantareillflu-cnccddircctl3'orindirectlybykindsofenvi-ronn1cntallbctorsandsomephysiologicalandlllatcrialproducingprocessareattectcd.Sot…     

田间供水与杨树生长关系的研究——Ⅰ.供水处理对杨树生长、树体结构和叶量的影响

在集约栽培的杨树人工林中作了小区灌溉试验,进行了林木生长指标、水分生理指标与供水量关系的研究。结果表明,供水大大促进了林木生长,其树高、胸径和材积的年增长量均随供水量的提高而增加。1983—1986年其树高、胸径、材积分别比对照增加 17.2—24.6％、10.7—22.1％和22.0—42.6％。供水还影响到树体的结构,有利于同化产物向枝条中运输与积累,促进了树干、枝条、叶数与叶面积的增长。     

极大值原理在确定人工林最优采伐年龄中的应用

人工林可看作一个离散系统,每个采伐分期中各龄级的林分面积定义为系统的状态变量,各龄级的采伐面积定义为控制变量。在控制变量的作用下,人工林从现状态经过N个采伐分期到达一个终端状态,可看作一个控制过程。寻求最优的控制过程的方法有多种,在国内外有关的研究中较为普遍的是多周期的线性规划(或非线性规划)和动态规划。但前者需为每个分期定义控制变量和状态变量,因而计算机计算时占用大量的存贮空间,后者在维数较高时因计算量太大难以求解。极大值原理是最优控制理论中的主要方法之     

落叶松人工林土壤因子变化规律的研究

从5个方面分析落叶松人工林土壤的变化,得出经营落叶松人工林有使土壤肥力递减趋势的结论。     

常绿阔叶林迹地炼山营造杉木林群落演替趋向调查初报

据样地调查，该２５年生杉木人工林群落的植物有４１科８４属１２０种，群落的外貌特征以包括藤本在内的高位芽占绝对优势，叶特征以革质，单叶，中小型叶为主，由于该群落的幼树层以米储和木荷等占优势，若让其自然发展或杉木林采伐后不炼山，并排除其它人为干扰，该群落将向与常绿阔叶林采伐前的群落类型相似的方向演替。     

黄土高原油松刺槐人工林对土壤肥力影响的研究

研究了黄土高原油松、刺槐人工林对土壤的培肥效应，结果表明：油松、刺槐人工林能显著提高土壤肥力水平，降低土壤ＰＨ，１８龄油松１．２ｍ＾２及３３龄刺槐１．６ｍ＾２根区土壤断面的有机质，全氮、有效氮、有效钾、ＣＥＣ均值无林对照分别提高５７．８％、６８．６％、１０９．３％、２８．９％、５４．５％及７４．３％，１２３．６％、２８５．３％、４２．４％、６３．７％，ｐＨ降低１４．４％及２．９％，油松，刺槐林对土