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81.
MA Ying 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2011,18(3):60-64
Water resource allocation was defined as an input-output question in this paper, and a preliminary input-output index system was set up. Then GEM (group eigenvalue method)-MAUE (multi-attribute utility theory) model was applied to evaluate relative efficiency of water resource allocation plans. This model determined weights of indicators by GEM, and assessed the allocation schemes by MAUE. Compared with DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) or ANN (Artificial Neural Networks), the mode was more applicable in some cases where decision-makers had preference for certain indicators 相似文献
82.
随着西部大开发的深入,贵州、广西等山岭地区的道路桥梁等交通建设进入了快速发展时期,而鉴于上述地区山高沟深的特点,高墩大跨连续刚构桥被广泛应用,本文结合工程实例对连续刚构桥的设计理论进行了探讨。 相似文献
83.
《农业图书情报学刊》2012,24(8)
采用实地调查方法分析图书馆服务系统概况和服务包支撑奈件,绘制借还书服务系统蓝图分析该系统优缺点,运用管理运筹学中的排队方法解析问题原因,提出改善服务系统的对策,包括增设统一服务台,加强同信息用户联系等方法。 相似文献
84.
Many chlorine-containing pesticides, for example 2-chloro-s-triazines, are of great concern both environmentally and toxicologically. As a result, ascertaining or predicting the fate and transport of these compounds in soils and water is of current interest. Transformation pathways for 2-chloro-s-triazines in the environment include dealkylation, dechlorination (hydrolysis), and ring cleavage. This study explored the feasibility of using computational chemistry, specifically the hybrid density functional theory method, B3LYP, to predict hydrolysis trends of atrazine (2-chloro-N4-ethyl-N6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and related 2-chloro-s-triazines to the corresponding 2-hydroxy-s-triazines. Gas-phase energetics are described on the basis of calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Calculated free energies of hydrolysis (delta h G298) are nearly the same for simazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), atrazine, and propazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-di-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), suggesting that hydrolysis is not significantly affected by the side-chain amine-nitrogen alkyl substituents. High-energy barriers also suggest that the reactions are not likely to be observed in the gas phase. Aqueous solvation effects were examined by means of self-consistent reaction field methods (SCRF). Molecular structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using the Onsager model, and solvation energies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the isodensity surface polarizable continuum model (IPCM). Although the extent of solvent stabilization was greater for cationic species than neutral ones, the full extent of solvation is underestimated, especially for the transition state structures. As a consequence, the calculated hydrolysis barrier for protonated atrazine is exaggerated compared with the experimentally determined one. Overall, the hydrolysis reactions follow a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) pathway. 相似文献
85.
金华 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2007,5(2):113-115
大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的英语综合运用能力,特别是听说能力。针对目前大学英语听说课中存在的实际问题,文章将以建构主义学习理论为基础探讨如何改进大学英语听说教学。 相似文献
86.
Cognition is recognized as an essential component of the living strategies of organisms and the use of cognitive approaches
based on an organismic-centered-view is discussed as a strategy to aid the advancement of landscape ecology to a more independent
scientific discipline. The incorporation of the theory of information, the theory of meaning and the Umwelt, and the biosemiotic models into the landscape ecology framework is described as the necessary step to create a common paradigmatic
background and operational tools to develop basis for a cognitive landscape ecology. Three cognitive landscapes (neutrality-based
landscape, individual-based landscape and observer-based landscape) have been described as the result of distinctive mechanisms
to extract information from a cognitive matrix based on a growing literature of (bio)semiotic exchange. The eco-field hypothesis
is presented as a new possibility to describe landscape processes according to an organismic-centered-view. The eco-field
is defined as a spatial configuration carrier of a specific meaning perceived when a specific living function is activated.
A species-specific cognitive landscape is composed of all the spatial configurations involved for all the living functions
for a particular organism. Eco-field hypothesis offers a detailed vision of (habitat) environmental requirements and creates
a novel conceptual bridge between niche, habitat, Umwelt and the methodological approaches of spatial ecology. Finally the eco-field hypothesis promises a new testing ground for
experimental investigations in landscape ecology and in related disciplines including environmental psychology, cognitive
ethology, cultural ecology, landscape aesthetics, design and planning. 相似文献
87.
88.
分析了环境设计以及生态理论的基本含义,探讨了在环境设计中按照生态理论进行设计的必要性,对相关理论进行了综述。 相似文献
89.
90.