大肠杆菌性子宫内膜炎对山羊血液和子宫内膜的影响

用致病性大肠杆菌经子宫角插管灌入子宫腔,以建立山羊子宫内膜炎疾病模型。经检测发现,致病性大肠杆菌在子宫静脉血液中呈一过性存在;子宫卵巢静脉和颈静脉血液中性粒细胞数量明显增加。其中,颈静脉血液嗜中性粒细胞增多明显于子宫静脉血液,颈静脉血液淋巴细胞降低明显于子宫静脉血液。病羊子宫黏膜损伤、炎性细胞浸润,子宫内膜上皮分泌细胞微绒毛和纤毛成片或部分脱落。     

母猪子宫内膜炎致病菌药敏试验及临床治疗

母猪子宫内膜炎致病分离菌药敏试验结果显示,头孢噻呋、林可霉素对大肠埃希菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌均为高度敏感;红霉素、链霉素、土霉素对以上3种细菌均为低敏感。根据药敏试验结果,将南平市某种猪场90头子宫内膜炎病猪进行分组治疗试验。将90头母猪随机分成3组,每组30头母猪,治疗组A,用药敏试验敏感药物头孢噻呋进行治疗;治疗组B,用药敏试验敏感药物林可霉素进行治疗;治疗组C,用青霉素、链霉素治疗做为治疗对照组;另外选择30头健康母猪做为健康对照组。治疗试验显示,母猪子宫内膜炎用敏感药物治疗有效,且治愈后的母猪受胎率、产仔数不受影响。     

子宫内膜炎母猪子宫内细菌分离和鉴定

为探讨子宫内膜炎母猪子宫内细菌感染的情况及其致病性,试验采用常规细菌分离培养、ATB自动细菌鉴定及ATB自动药敏测试法,对40头子宫内膜炎淘汰母猪和15头无子宫内膜炎母猪的子宫体和子宫角样品进行细菌分离和鉴定。结果从40头子宫内膜炎母猪样品共分离到70株细菌,分离率100%,其中从子宫体共分离到47株,子宫角分离到23株;从15头无子宫内膜炎母猪中1份子宫体样品分离到2株菌,其余均未分离到细菌,分离率6.67%。72株分离菌,经鉴定主要为大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌等16种。分离菌中铜绿假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌对小白鼠有较强致病力,并对28种抗生素都有不同程度的耐药性。结果表明,生产母猪高淘汰率与母猪子宫内膜炎发生率有关;环境中常在的条件性致病菌是母猪子宫内膜炎的主要感染菌,并对多种抗生素有耐药性。     

臭氧化橄榄油对不同程度奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗效果的研究

针对抗生素带来的环境污染及耐药性问题,本试验根据臭氧的杀菌原理试制出具有杀菌作用的消毒类药物——臭氧化橄榄油。以氟苯尼考、盐酸多西环素和醋酸氯己定为对照组,臭氧化橄榄油作为试验组,探究臭氧化橄榄油对不同程度子宫内膜炎奶牛的治疗效果。同时为了验证臭氧化橄榄油对子宫内膜的损害,进行了小鼠子宫内灌注试验。结果表明:臭氧化橄榄油组对于卡他性及黏液性子宫内膜炎的治疗有效率能够达到抗生素类药物的治疗效果,且无显著差异(P0.05);而对于脓性子宫内膜炎的有效率显著低于对照组(P0.05),但在治愈率方面无显著差异(P0.05)。此外,在0~80 mg/L浓度范围内,臭氧化橄榄油浓度的增加并没有引起小鼠子宫上皮细胞明显的损伤。臭氧化橄榄油在一定程度上可以代替抗生素预防及治疗治疗卡他性及黏液性子宫内膜炎。     

SCINTIGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF UTERINE CLEARANCE IN MARES

Uterine clearance of technetium 99m-albumin colloid (^99mTc-μAA) was qualitatively and quantitatively measured in 5 reproductively normal mares and 5 mares susceptible to endometritis (infertile). The percentage of 370 MBq ^99mTc-μAA cleared from the uterine lumen within 2 hr of intrauterine infusion was measured in 10 mares on day 3 of estrus and 48 hr after ovulation. The procedure was repeated 3 times on day 3 of estrus in 6 mares to determine repeatability. Six mares were infused with 1110 MBq ^99mTc-μAA on day 3 of estrus to evaluate the effect of increasing the dose to reduce the imaging time. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentage of radiocolloid cleared from the uterus during day 3 of estrus or 48 hr after ovulation or in the percent cleared when the studies were repeated in individual mares. There was no statistically significant difference in uterine clearance between the 370 and 1110 MBq dose studies in each mare from 15 to 120 min. Reproductively normal mares cleared approximately 50% of the radiocolloid from the uterus by 120 min while susceptible mares cleared less than 15%.     

母猪子宫内膜炎的病原分离及药敏试验

为了解和掌握吉林农业科技学院猪场猪子宫内膜炎的情况,取母猪的子宫内容物分别采用显微镜观察法、鉴别培养法和生化试验方法,鉴定出有葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌这四种细菌,并将鉴定出来的细菌做药敏试验。结果显示葡萄球菌和链球菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明敏感,对链霉素中度敏感,对青霉素、苯唑青霉素、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟钠耐药;沙门氏菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明、头孢噻肟钠敏感,对链霉素、阿米卡星中度敏感,对青霉素、苯唑青霉素产生耐药性;大肠杆菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明、阿米卡星、头孢塞肟钠敏感,对链霉素中度敏感,对青霉素、苯唑青霉素耐药;中药复方制剂对体外抑菌试验有效果。     

中草药复配物对奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌的体外抑菌试验

细菌感染是引起奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的主要病因,兽医临床多采用抗菌药物疗法对其进行治疗。但该治疗方法易造成耐药菌株的产生和兽药残留等问题,因此,研制高效、低毒、低残留的中草药制剂将为治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎提供新的治疗手段。设计了8种单提复配中草药配方、6种共煎中草药配方以及12种中西药复合配方,通过药物敏感性试验,分别测定了上述配方对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和链球菌3种奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌的抑菌活性,从中优选出了最佳配方7A(中西药复合配方)。该配方对3种致病菌均有良好的抑制效果,有望作为治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的药物应用于兽医临床。     

Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow at mid‐oestrus during different degree of clinical endometritis in dairy cows

The present study was aimed at analysing the mid‐oestrous uterine blood flow parameters during varying degree of endometritis in dairy cows. Degree of clinical endometritis was adjudged on the basis of visual examination of uterine discharge collected from cows at mid‐oestrus, that is mild (slightly turbid; n = 13), moderate (turbid with pus flakes; n = 14) and severe (milky; n = 13). Pulsatility and resistance indices (PI and RI), time average mean velocity (TAMEAN), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), diameter of the artery, volume of blood flow, Doppler pulse duration (DPD) and systolic upstroke/acceleration time (AT) were measured to study the spectral waveforms at mid‐oestrus. Significantly higher (p < .01) PI and RI were found in cows diagnosed with mild degree in comparison with cows diagnosed with moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis. There was significantly higher (p < .01) velocity (TAMEAN and TAMAX), volume of blood flow (BFV‐TAMEAN, BFV‐TAMAX) and DPD in both the middle uterine arteries during moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis as compared to mild endometritis. However, significantly higher (p < .01) AT was recorded in cows diagnosed with mild degree as compared to moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis. Pearson's correlation analysis has shown that RI was positively correlated with PI and AT in all the groups under study (mild degree, r = .72 and .49; moderate degree, r = .54 and .38; severe degree, r = .90 and .42; p < .05). However, there found significantly negative correlation (p < .05) with other parameters in all the cows irrespective of degree of inflammation. Therefore, it may be deducted that assessment of uterine inflammation can be done with a non‐invasive technique known as Doppler sonography which can be useful in adjudging the hemodynamic changes inside uterus and future fertility of dairy cows.     

中草药生物合元制剂对奶牛子宫内膜炎防治试验研究

为解决奶牛子宫内膜炎防治对抗生素及化药的长期依赖，本实验将兽用中草药与益生菌进行功能性技术嫁接，制成中草药生物合元制剂，对奶牛子宫内膜炎进行防治试验研究，结果其临床治愈率为83．33％。与抗生素及化药治疗对照组91．67％治愈率相比虽然存在一定差异，但将药物治疗时间或周期相对延长，其使用效果能满足对奶牛子宫内膜炎的防治需求，可替代或减少抗生素及化药的使用，对当前“无抗奶”的生产具有积极的经济及社会效益。