基于Internet的林业资源环境信息服务系统(FINFOSYS)研究

运用面向对象的思想和方法,设计并实现了基于Internet的林业资源环境信息服务系统——FINFOSYS,为林业资源和环境信息提供信息管理、信息共享、电子商务和分析决策等综合服务：在参照现有国家、行业相关标准的基础上,建立林业资源和环境信息共享标准和共享规范,在此基础上建立林业资源环境分布式网络数据库及共享网络系统;设计林业资源环境数据仓库,开展多维数据的在线分析、数据挖掘并建立网络运行的统计和分析模型,实现林业资源环境在线决策支持的网络系统;根据林业资源环境有偿信息的特点,设计电子商务系统,实现林业信息产品的网上交易和交流。     

An “electronic nose” as a potential device for fire detection of forest product fire loads in enclosures

Abstract

Saving lives and properties are of primary importance in fire disasters. Unfortunately, current fire detectors are not fast enough to allow the detection of many fires, especially, at the smouldering stages. Some preliminary studies on laevoglucosan (LG), as an important product from cellulose degradation, have shown interesting properties and could be detected by devices classified as “electronic noses” (e-noses). In the present work, the mechanisms of pyrolysis of some ligno-cellulosic materials were investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by a tube furnace with a view to determining the major degradation products from wood, white paper and cardboard samples. Additionally, an odour sensor, made of tin oxide semiconductor thin film, was employed to evaluate its sensitivity in detecting LG. It was found that LG can be readily found among the thermal degradation products of cellulosic materials in question, and that the metal oxide sensor employed was sufficiently sensitive in detecting its presence. Therefore, the work opens up the potential of using such a sensor as an “e-nose” for the early detection of fires stemming from forest product fire loads in storage places and in other enclosures.     

英、拉、汉树木名称电子词典TreeName的研制

英、拉、汉树木名称电子词典第1版(TreeName 1.0)具有树种的英文、拉丁文和中文名称的相互翻译查询功能。软件包含了1．5万余条英、拉、中树木名称词条，能够进行快速有效的检索查询，为工作提供极大的帮助。整个软件采用基于对话框模式的查询界面和基于文件系统的数据库作为整个查询系统的框架。本系统在设计中采用了比较灵活的功能模块设计，利于软件的更新。与印刷版的各种词典相比，电子词典系统具有无法比拟的优点，它能够及时进行修改、补充，使系统不断得到完善，及时根据用户的反馈信息进行改进，有利于软件质量的提高和功能的完善。     

国内外林业装备主要技术水平和发展趋势

论述了国内外林业装备技术的现状，分析了国内林业装备技术的发展趋势，阐述了林业装备在我国林业建设特别是六大林业重点工程中所起的重要作用。     

EFFECTS OF FLUID AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL FACTORS ON CONSPICUITY OF CANINE AND FELINE NASAL TURBINATES

Turbinate destruction is an important diagnostic criterion in canine and feline nasal computed tomography (CT). However decreased turbinate visibility may also be caused by technical CT settings and nasal fluid. The purpose of this experimental, crossover study was to determine whether fluid reduces conspicuity of canine and feline nasal turbinates in CT and if so, whether CT settings can maximize conspicuity. Three canine and three feline cadaver heads were used. Nasal slabs were CT‐scanned before and after submerging them in a water bath; using sequential, helical, and ultrahigh resolution modes; with images in low, medium, and high frequency image reconstruction kernels; and with application of additional posterior fossa optimization and high contrast enhancing filters. Visible turbinate length was measured by a single observer using manual tracing. Nasal density heterogeneity was measured using the standard deviation (SD) of mean nasal density from a region of interest in each nasal cavity. Linear mixed‐effect models using the R package ‘nlme’, multivariable models and standard post hoc Tukey pair‐wise comparisons were performed to investigate the effect of several variables (nasal content, scanning mode, image reconstruction kernel, application of post reconstruction filters) on measured visible total turbinate length and SD of mean nasal density. All canine and feline water‐filled nasal slabs showed significantly decreased visibility of nasal turbinates (P < 0.001). High frequency kernels provided the best turbinate visibility and highest SD of aerated nasal slabs, whereas medium frequency kernels were optimal for water‐filled nasal slabs. Scanning mode and filter application had no effect on turbinate visibility.     

牛鼻绳牵出10600年前苑和囿

苑和囿是业界认定属早期园林类型之一,囿的出现不早于殷商。野牛须先驯为畜,方可进囿。牛鼻绳是嫩竹篾扭成的绳,穿进牛鼻两孔间壁肉的穿孔,大犍牛就可被驾驭。这是迄今发现最早的大家畜驯化工具,是人类从原始社会跨进农牧社会门槛的"门栓"。这是人类1万年前首次改造和利用自然、发现自我价值的时代,也是苑和囿同时涌现的时代。     

作物病害智能诊断与处方推荐技术研究进展

由“植物诊所”形成的电子病历为作物病害处方推荐提供了新的思路。如何高效地挖掘电子病历数据并辅助作物病害处方推荐,目前还是亟待解决的研究热点问题。在总结和整理现有国内外研究文献的基础上,对基于显微图像的作物病害病菌孢子识别、基于光谱的作物病害诊断、基于电子病历的作物病害处方推荐等作物病害诊断与处方推荐关键技术进行了系统分析与讨论。综述结果表明,围绕作物病害病菌侵染过程,以智能化处方推荐需求为导向,开展基于电子病历数据挖掘的作物病害处方推荐研究,将成为一个研究重点。针对作物病害处方推荐过程中,存在由于作物病害致病机理复杂、作物品种及病害种类多、病害病症动态变化且特征多等特点和难点,研究基于电子病历数据挖掘的作物病害致病机理解析、诊断推理、智能化处方推荐及其应用策略,将是研究的重大方向;探索基于知识图谱分析、大数据挖掘和机器学习算法推理等关键技术的作物病害电子病历数据挖掘分析研究,从区域宏观视角可视化解析作物病害致病机理及其与特征间的关联关系,面向实际应用场景实现基于诊断推理的单一作物病害处方推荐、基于语义匹配的多种作物多种病害处方推荐,具有更大的实际意义。     

电子鼻结合GC-MS分析不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味成分的影响

为了解不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味物质的影响,为罗非鱼片加工提供参考依据,采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了经超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透热泵干燥(UAPOHPD)、热泵干燥(HPD)、超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透真空冷冻-热泵联合干燥(UAPOVFHPCD)和真空冷冻干燥...     

臭氧气浮漂洗对鲢鱼糜挥发性成分的影响

为探究臭氧气浮漂洗对鲢鱼糜的除腥效果,以鲢鱼糜为试验材料,采用电子鼻结合顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测分析传统漂洗和臭氧气浮漂洗后鲢鱼糜的挥发性成分,寻找其腥味来源。结果显示:鲢鱼糜中共检测到24种挥发性物质。与传统漂洗鱼糜相比,经过臭氧气浮漂洗后,鱼糜中挥发性成分减少,己醛、庚醛、壬醛、癸醛、1-辛烯-3-醇等对鱼腥味贡献较大物质的相对含量皆有所降低,而1-甲基-4-硝甲基-哌啶和5-甲基-2-苯基-吲哚等其他化合物并未被检测出。电子鼻的PCA分析结果与HS-SPME-GC-MS检测结果相一致。结果表明,使用臭氧气浮漂洗鱼糜相比传统漂洗可有效减轻鱼糜腥味,漂洗时间应控制在10～15 min。     

渔业专题电子海图的数据结构设计

为实现渔业专题电子海图的标准化生产与应用,本文以IHO S-57国际电子海图标准为基础,通过分析海图数据模型和数据结构,以及渔业专题信息的主要内容和特点,扩展了数据集信息记录中的数据集标识字段,定义了海洋渔业专题电子海图产品的编码规则,在物标和属性类目中增加了渔业专题物标和专题属性,并添加了部分专题属性项(值),从而设计了渔业专题电子海图的数据结构。研究成果将有利于整合、共享与应用海洋渔业信息,促进渔业专题电子海图产品的研发与生产,为渔业生物资源研究与利用、渔业生产与管理以及海洋渔业经济发展等提供规范化信息服务支持。