Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪研究异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性

为获得不同因素对异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响规律,同时验证Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪预测和评价水乳剂物理稳定性的可行性,利用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪,结合加速试验[(54±2)℃,14d]结果,研究了乳化剂用量、体系pH和电解质离子等对磷酸酯盐稳定的异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响。结果表明:乳化剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯三乙醇胺盐(SCP)用量为6.0%(质量分数)时,水乳剂稳定性最好;过酸或过碱均会破坏水乳剂的稳定性,pH=9时水乳剂可获得较好的稳定性;Mg2+压缩油水界面双电层,导致水乳剂稳定性下降,且Mg2+添加浓度越大,水乳剂越不稳定。Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪以多重光散射为技术核心,在不破坏样品的前提下,能够准确测定乳状液中浮油、沉淀和液滴粒径大小的变化情况,与加速试验结果吻合度高,不仅能够缩短试验周期,而且可以分析不稳定现象发生的机理。     

Potential of a Fusarium eumartii culture filtrate on the screening for wilting resistance in potato

Summary Fusarium solani f.sp. eumartii Carp. Snyder and Hansen (Fusarium eumartii) is a soil inhabitant that induces the so-called Potato Wilt and Stem End Rot disease. Prior to wilting, the pathogen induces peculiar small bronze spots on the leaflets. Failure to isolate F. eumartii from infected leaflets suggests the involvement of a toxin in the disease. The fungus was grown in liquid Richard's medium and thereafter a filtrate was obtained dialyzing (MW cutoff 12,000–14,000) and sterilizing the culture by filtration (0.22 m). Potato leaves treated with both the pathogen or the filtrate showed symptoms of bronze spots and significantly higher electrolyte leakage when compared to controls. Tomato leaves showed neither bronze spots nor electrolyte leakage after plant inoculation with the pathogen or with the filtrate treatment. Both, the absence of visible symptoms and the lack of electrolyte leakage in tomato could be associated to a certain degree of host specificity of the F. eumartii filtrate towards potato. The filtrate also induced symptoms similar to infections by F. eumartii in adult plants and in vitro plantlets of cultivars Huinkul MAG and Kennebec. Callus responses to the filtrate were related to responses of the cultivars to the pathogen in greenhouse. These results show the potential of the culture filtrate of F. eumartii for use in screening for wilting resistance.     

Somaclonal variation and improvement in chilling tolerance in rice: changes in chilling-induced electrolyte leakage

Excised leaves of four rice varieties, ‘Facagro 57’, ‘Facagro 76’, ‘Kirundo 3’, ‘Kirundo 9’, were chilled for six days at 10/5°C day/night, along with 11 somaclonal families arising from three of these varieties, which had been selected over four generations for improved chilling tolerance. At the end of the chilling treatment, electrolyte leakage from leaf pieces was followed for 12 h and compared with an unchilled control. With unchilled leaves, no varietal differences nor a rise in leakage over time were observed. Chilling induced higher leakages in all varieties, except in ‘Kirundo 3’ at the time of first measurement, and a continuous rise over time was found in all varieties. Varietal differences were detected, ‘Kirundo 3’ being the least affected, followed by ‘Kirundo 9’ and ‘Facagro 76’, and finally ‘Facagro 57’, which coincides with their ranking for chilling tolerance established through chilling survival tests. The leakages were generally lower in the somaclonal families than in the variety they originated from in ‘Kirundo 9’ and ‘Facagro 76’, while the opposite was observed in ‘Kirundo 3’. The significance and usefulness of electrolyte leakage measurement for chilling tolerance screening, and the potentials of somaclonal variation for chilling tolerance improvement are discussed.     

热激处理对甘蓝幼苗叶片细胞膜系统热稳定性的影响

采用二因素(热激温度、热激时间)二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对耐热性不同的2个甘蓝品种的种子进行了热激处理,然后在苗期测定了甘蓝幼叶中细胞膜的电解质渗漏量。结果表明:热激处理后不耐热品种叶片中细胞膜透性的增幅大于耐热品种,热激温度、热激时间二因素与细胞膜热稳定性之间有显著的回归关系,并且回归分析出最优热激处理组合为42℃2.3 h。     

镉对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响

镉对小麦幼苗和根系生长有抑制作用,尤以对根系的抑制更为显著,但镉浓度为5ppm时,有刺激生长的作用.幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量随镉浓度的增加而增加,尤其在高浓度镉下脯氨酸含量剧增,电解质外渗率也明显增大.镉使胚乳中的α-淀粉酶活性降低,这种效应随镉浓度增高而加强,随幼苗的生长却趋于减弱.镉诱导根的正、负极向过氧化物酶同工酶产生新谱带,并使原有的一些谱带活性增强.上述结果显示出镉使小麦幼苗的细胞结构和功能受到损害,而小麦幼苗对镉害也表现出一定的适应性保护反应.     

浅谈住宅水暖工程渗漏原因和防治措施

论述了住宅水暖工程渗漏的原因和防治措施,对从事住宅施工安装和管理工作者提供了借鉴经验。     

电解质阴离子和pH对可变电荷土壤硫酸盐吸附的影响

The effects of three electrolyte anions, ionic strength and pH on the adsorption of sulfate by two variable charge soils, with different surface charge properties were studied. Under the conditions of the same pH and ionic strength the effect of electrolyte anions on the adsorption of sulfate was in the order of Cl^- > NO₃^- > ClO₄^-, indicating the difference of the nature among these three anions. For Ferralsol in the same concentration of chloride and perchloride solutions, the two sulfate adsorption-pH curves could intersect at certain pH value. When pH was higher than the intersecting point, more sulfate was adsorbed in the perchloride solution, while when it was lower than the intersecting point, more sulfate was adsorbed in the chloride solution. In different concentrations of electrolyte solution, the curves of the amount of oxy-acid anion adsorbed, which changed with pH, could intersect at a certain pH, which is termed point of zero salt effect (PZSE) on adsorption. The nature of electrolyte anions influenced obviously the appearance of PZSE for sulfate adsorption. For ferralsol the curves of adsorption converged to about pH 7 in NaCl solution seemed to intersect in NaNO₃ solution and to have a typical PZSE for sulfate adsorption in NaClO₄ solution. For Acrisol the three curves of adsorption were nearly parallel in NaCl and NaNO₃ solutions and converged to pH 6.5 in NaClO₄ solution.     

固定顶储罐液下喷射泡沫灭火技术

与液上喷射泡沫灭火系统的相比，液下喷射泡沫灭火系统具有安全可靠，灭火速度快，省投资等优点，但却存在单阀易渗漏问题。针对这一问题，提出了通过在单向阀和控制阀之间增设爆破片，或在灭火系统泡沫喷口处设置泡沫带以及改善单向阀密封性能等解决办法。     

再生水灌溉对绿地土壤及植物影响的研究

我国北方城市缺水问题严重,开发利用再生水用于灌溉是缓解水资源短缺的重要途径,开展再生水灌溉绿地的研究工作,有助于拓宽再生水利用范围,为再生水在绿地灌溉中的推广应用提供依据和指导.该文通过对北京北小河污水处理厂内绿地的实地调查,开展再生水灌溉绿地生态系统的研究,对再生水水质、土壤理化性质、植物生长等进行了系统的研究.结果表明:由于长期灌溉,二级处理水灌溉对绿地土壤和部分植物有一定的影响,可能会影响植物的正常生长,需提高污水处理程度,以使水质适用于绿地灌溉.     

悬挂式施肥播种机阻漏肥装置的研究

针对使用搅刀－拨轮式排肥器的悬挂施肥播种机在施尿素等颗粒状肥料时，非工作状态所发生的肥料严重漏失问题，研究设计了阻止漏肥装置。试验结果表明，该装置利用播种机被提升和落下动作即能自动控制挡肥活门启闭，不增加拖拉机驾驶员的操作负担，能有效解决上述排肥器的漏肥问题。