不同卵密度与培养条件对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响

利用24孔培养板研究不同营养水平、pH值、温度和卵密度对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响。结果表明:在Ringer溶液中,无论卵密度高低,卵或初孵幼虫均很快死亡;在10%基本培养液营养水平条件下线虫的发育停滞在二龄阶段;20%~100%的基本培养液营养水平下,侵染期幼虫的形成比率同营养水平呈负相关,与线虫卵密度呈正相关;适宜线虫向发育期三龄幼虫发育的pH值为7~8,温度为20~25℃,高于或低于此pH值或温度范围均可促使侵染期幼虫的形成;夜蛾斯氏线虫在pH值小于5或温度高于30℃条件下会很快死亡。     

肉种鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白质量浓度双向选择的效应

以父母代肉种鸡为材料，以血浆极低密度脂蛋白（very low density lipoprotein，VLDL）质量浓度为选择指标建立肉鸡高脂系和低脂系，个体测定一世代高、低脂系母鸡产蛋性能、种蛋受精率、孵化率、二世代6周龄体质量，观察血浆VLDL质量浓度选择效应。结果显示，一世代低脂系比高脂系早开产6．7d，低脂系40周龄和54周龄产蛋量显著高于高脂系零世代，一世代低脂系种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率均优于高脂系；二世代高、低脂系6周龄体质量差异不显著。结果表明，对血浆VLDL质量浓度的低向选择使种鸡产蛋性能、种蛋受精率、孵化率产生了有益的间接反应，但对早期体质量没有影响。     

中华蜜蜂卵的转移效果研究

本试验以中华蜜蜂蜂群里不同时间段的卵为实验材料,研究了不同时间段卵人工转移后的存活率。结果表明:24～36h卵的存活率最高,其次是12～24h的卵;0～12h卵的存活率最低。     

蛋鸡锰缺乏症的病理学研究

１日龄父母代罗曼（Ｌｏｈｍａｎｎ）蛋鸡１２０只,随机分为３组,分别喂以低锰（基础日粮含锰１３．６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、低锰高磷（基础日粮＋０．５％的磷）、补锰对照（基础日粮＋锰８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）日粮。试验期８周。饲喂５～８周发病。低锰组发病率２６％,低锰高磷组２８％,补锰对照组无一发病。第４周时,体重分别为（２６７．９±８．３２）、（２１４．２±１０．４２）、（２６５．０±１２．１８）ｇ,低锰组、补锰对照组与低锰高磷组之间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝锰含量分别为（５．４０±０．７４）、（２．８２±０．３６）、（８．４８±０．９６）ｍｇ／ｋｇ,补锰对照组与低锰组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与低锰高磷组差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。发病症状：精神沉郁,不愿走动,伏卧,跛行,单腿发病病腿向外侧伸展,双腿发病则内收呈“Ｏ”字形或外展呈“八”字形。剖检跗关节肿大,胫骨髁骨骨质增生、肿大,髁间沟变平坦。组织学检查,胫骨骺生长板增殖区变窄,软骨基质中粘多糖减少。超微结构变化,心肌纤维、肝细胞、胫骨骺生长板软骨细胞、睾丸精原细胞等线粒体肿胀与空泡化。     

Evaluation of ovum storage techniques for reproductive studies of fishes

Abstract– We compared dry masses of mature oocytes and ripe eggs from Etheostoma lynceum and Etheostoma caeruleum that were stored in varying concentrations of either formalin or isopropyl alcohol. In comparison to 10% formalin, alcohol significantly reduced the weights of both mature oocytes and ripe eggs, with 25% isopropyl alcohol resulting in much smaller reductions than 50% isopropanol. Three percent formalin resulted in smaller decreases in the masses of oocytes and eggs than the alcohol treatments, and not all comparisons with 10% formalin were significantly different. We recommend fixing specimens and storing them and gametic cells removed from them in 10% formalin. In cases where specimens or eggs in alcohol must be used in addition to material in formalin, correction factors (to formalin standard) should be developed, but the correction should not be made uncritically due to the varying effects alcohol may have among samples.     

Comparative Pigmentation Efficiency of High Dietary Levels of Apo-Ester and Marigold Extract on Quality Traits of Whole Liquid Egg of Two Strains of Laying Hens

This trial was carried out to compare the effect of the dietary supplementation of high doses of either synthetic pigment ethyl ester of β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid (apo-ester) or natural pigments, mainly lutein and zeaxanthin, extracted from Tagetes erecta, on egg quality of hens laying brown shell eggs (ISA Brown) and white shell eggs (Hy-Line White W-36). The hens of each strain were divided into 6 groups and fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented either with 40, 60, and 80 ppm of apo-ester (APO) or with 120, 180, and 240 ppm of marigold extract (MAR). Egg pigmentation rose linearly and significantly (P < 0.01) as the dietary levels of apo-ester increased, but this did not occur when MAR supplementation was used. The amount of β-carotene equivalents in whole liquid egg of MAR treatments was almost constant with varying pigment dietary dose and was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in APO treatments. In both hen strains, whole liquid egg redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were higher with APO supplementation. The egg component weights were highly affected (P < 0.01) by the hen strain, with yolk:egg ratio higher in the Hy-Line. The trial confirms that in spite of the higher level of MAR supplementation, APO has a better efficiency in whole liquid egg pigmentation. The ISA Brown hens showed a better ability to absorb dietary carotenoids than did the Hy-Line White.     

杆菌肽锌对夏季产蛋鸡生产性能及血液指标的影响

３８０日龄北京白鸡８０只被随机分成２个处理，每个处理４个重复，每个重复１０只鸡，对照组喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ杆菌肽锌．试验被安排在１９９８年６月３０日至７月３０日进行．试验结果表明：杆菌肽锌对产蛋鸡平均产蛋量、平均蛋重及饲料转化率没有显著影响，但却可以明显改善蛋壳质量（蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度）（Ｐ＜０．０５），并显著减少破软蛋率（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而且在夏季（３２℃以上）蛋鸡产蛋率下降阶段可以减少产蛋率的下降幅度．杆菌肽锌对蛋鸡血液中Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｚｎ及ＡＬＫＰ（碱性磷酸酶）含量的影响不显著．     

抗奶牛乳房炎高免卵黄抗体的研制

奶牛乳房炎是影响奶牛的三大主要疾病之一,临床上将本病分为临床型及隐性型。本试验将2种临床类型中4种病原菌按比例配制成复合菌苗,对60只390日龄的健康蛋鸡进行免疫接种,提取卵黄制成抗奶牛乳房炎卵黄抗体。并进行了初步临床应用试验,结果显示高免卵黄抗体对奶牛乳房炎的治疗有较好的效果。     

黄瓜等作物广谱营养液的遴选

采用最适吸收范围内的离子组合、制成营养液为拟广谱营养液，与科威特Ａｔａｒ黄瓜营养液、欧洲茄子、甜椒营养液，日本园试配方营养液作互比试验．结果表明：该营养液栽培黄瓜，分别比科威特Ａｔａｒ黄瓜配方、日本园试配方增产１５％，旺收期分别提前１５天和２～３天；栽培茄子，产量与欧洲茄子配方相似，但旺收期提前７天；栽培甜椒比欧洲甜椒配方增产３０％，旺收期提前１２天．表现出明显的早熟、优质和高产的特征．在该配方中加１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ铵态氮也完全适合秋黄瓜的无土栽培．